گرداب رسمیت و غیررسمیت؛ واقعیت دنیای برنامه‌ریزی در مواجهه با بافت‌های ناکارآمد

نظام برنامه‌ریزی در ارتباط با تحولات شهرنشینی کشور باوجود تلاش های انجام داده در حوزه تئوری و عمل (اما در قالب رسمی) نتوانسته از روند رو به افزایش مشکلات و معضلات شهری جلوگیری کند. در حالی که زندگی برای شهروندانی نزدیک به یک سوم جمعیت شهری کشور در شرایطی نابسامان است، ولی منفعت‌های رشد شهری نصیب نقوش غیررسمیِ باقدرت یا نقوش رسمیِ استفاده‌کننده از رسوم غیررسمی می‌شود. ازاین رو نظام برنامه‌ریزی در واقعیت، با رسوم و نقوش غیررسمی تداخلی دارد که شفاف و آگاهانه نیست و در مطالعات انجام شده نیز کمتر به آن پرداخته شده است. با توجه به تمرکز کنونی رسوم و نقوش رسمی و غیررسمی به بافت‌های ناکارآمد، هدف این تحقق بررسی چگونگی برخورد این رسوم و نقوش باهمدیگر و ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی برای مواجهه برنامه‌ریزی رسمی با غیررسمیت‌ها در این محدوده است. بدین منظور روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر متاثر از ماهیت پرسش پژوهش بر مبنای مطالعه اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای و همچنین روش تحلیل محتوا و استدلال منطقی، تهیه و تنظیم شده است. در مقاله حاضر دیدگاه و تجربیات اندیشمندان در ارتباط با این مسئله و زمینه برنامه‌ریزی و عوامل تحت تاثیر در این مواجهه با توجه به شرایط شهرنشینی کشور و به ‌طور ویژه تجربیات و نتایج مطالعات صورت گرفته در بافت فرسوده، تحلیل شده است. در نهایت برای برون‌رفت از این شرایط، چارچوبی مفهومی متناسب با شرایط حاکم بر کشور با تاکید بر پرداختن جدی‌تر به ابعاد اجتماعی و تاثیرپذیری سایر ابعاد از آن در برنامه‌ریزی، پیشنهاد شده است.

The dichotomy Formal and informal Sectors: the Reality of the Planning in the distressed areas

Although the planning system has made plenty of theoretical and practical efforts in regard to the transformation of urbanization, it has failed to officially prevent the increasing trend of urban problems. While almost onethird of the urban population is living in poor conditions, and is stuck in a socioeconomic vicious circle accompanied by physical distress, the benefits of urban growth are gained by powerful informal roles or formal roles with informal practices.In effect, the planning system interferes with informal practices and roles subconsciously and nontransparently. These informalities have also received less attention in the conducted studies, where powerful, influential informal roles and credible, covert, useful informal practices have been neglected. These are roles that ignore the law and public interest, or cause changes in the law and policies for their own satisfaction and informal practices that allocate the greatest benefits within a short time exclusively to particular groups. Persistence of such conditions will result in irreparable costs for the country under investigation, namely Iran.Hence, the present study aims to investigate how formal and informal practices and roles interact with each other given their current concentration on distressed urban areas. It also seeks to present a conceptual framework for formal planning confronting the informalities in the domain. The study attempts to answer three important questions. 1) How does formal planning address informal practices and roles? 2) How do informal practices and roles utilize formal planning? 3) How can this interference and conflict be resolved? To answer these questions, we investigated the actual power and background of the planning action, interference of formal planning with informalities, informalities’ utilization of planning, and transformation of urbanization in the country. Instances of the four ways in which formal and informal roles and practices confront each other were also identified and analyzed.The study involved documentary and library investigation given the nature of the research questions. The methodology also included content analysis and logical reasoning. We analyzed scholars’ perspectives and experiences in regard to the issue, the planning background, and the effective factors in the confrontation given the country’s urbanization conditions, particularly the experiences and the results of the conducted studies in distressed areas.For explanation of the confrontation atmosphere, it could be suggested that there is an informal sector in the physical, economic, and social domains in the country along with the formal sector. The two sectors intersect in many events, functioning like a whirlpool that leads to endless distress. Inefficient confrontation has been the outcome of the formalityinformality whirlpool, employed as a fact in the world of planning in confrontation with distressed areas through interaction with the country’s historical and political conditions and macroeconomic and social policies.In this destructive whirlpool, it is the social circle that initiates the discussed issues, which then enter into the economic circle, and are finally represented in the physical circle. Confrontation from formal planning to resolve the issues, however, conversely begins with the physical dimension. That is why planning ends without actually being started. To overcome these issues, a conceptual framework appropriate to the conditions dominant in the country was proposed, with an emphasis on a more serious consideration of the social aspect and its influence on the others in planning.