برنامه‌ریزی و بهره‌برداری منابع اکتیو و راکتیو مقید به امنیت ولتاژ در شبکۀ توزیع هوشمند قابل بازآرایی

در این مقاله، برنامه‌ریزی و بهره‌برداری منابع اکتیو و راکتیو در شبکۀ توزیع هوشمند (sdn) دارای قابلیت بازآرایی سیستم و طرح پاسخ‌گویی بار (drp) با در نظر گرفتن امنیت ولتاژ ارائه می‌شود. ازاین‌رو طرح مذکور به‌منظور مدل‌سازی همزمان شاخص‌های اقتصادی، بهره‌برداری و امنیت sdn یک مسئلۀ سه‌هدفه بیان می‌کند که توابع هدف آن به‌ترتیب کمینه‌سازی هزینۀ سالیانۀ برنامه‌ریزی منابع و بهره‌برداری شبکه و منابع، کمینه‌سازی تابع انحرافات ولتاژ، و بیشینه‌سازی شاخص امنیت ولتاژ را در نظر می‌گیرد. قیود مسئله شامل معادلات پخش توان بهینه ac و بازآرایی شبکه، مدل بهره‌برداری و برنامه‌ریزی منابع اکتیو و راکتیو، فرمول‌بندی طرح پاسخ‌گویی بار، و محدودیت‌ امنیت ولتاژ شبکه است. در ادامه، مسئلۀ چندهدفۀ پیشنهادی توسط تکنیک بهینه‌سازی پارتو مبنی بر روش مجموع توابع وزندار به یک مسئلۀ یکپارچه تک‌هدفه تبدیل می‌شود. سپس حل‌کنندۀ ترکیبی بهینه‌سازی دستۀ میگوها (kho) و الگوریتم جست‌وجوی کلاغ (csa) جهت دستیابی به راه‌حل بهینۀ مطمئن با انحراف‌معیار پایین در پاسخ‌دهی استفاده می‌شود. در نهایت، طرح پیشنهادی بر روی sdn شعاعی 69 باسه اعمال می‌شود و سپس نتایج عددی به‌دست‌آمده تاییدکنندۀ قابلیت این طرح در بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی، بهره‌برداری و امنیت sdn است.

Planning and Operation of the Active and Reactive sources Constrained to Voltage Security in the Reconfigurable Smart Distribution Network

Extended AbstractIntroduction: One of the most important objectives of smart distribution networks (SDNs) is to achieve a secure and reliable network. This can be realized by optimal operation in the presence of active power sources, including distributed generations (DGs), reactive power sources such as switched capacitor bank (SCB), active loads such as the demand response program (DRP), and various network management strategies such as network reconfiguration. In this study, the planning and operation of the active and reactive sources in the SDN, including reconfigurable capability and DRP considering the voltage security, are presented. Voltage stability and security are also some challenges in distribution networks, followed by a safe margin to prevent voltage collapse which can be caused by high energy demand in the SDN. It is noteworthy that these conditions are achievedif the optimal location and size of active and reactive sources in the distribution network as well as their optimal operation are determined. Thus, for that purpose, the combined planning and operation problem in the SDN must be defined so that the status of technical indices such as operation, reliability, and security of network is improved simultaneously with enhancing the economic indices. Besides, the implementation of optimal operation in SDN requires the use of an appropriate power management strategy (PMS), followed by favorable bilateral coordination between the distribution system operator (DSO) and various resources.Materials and Methods: The scheme of considering simultaneous modeling of the economic , the operation, and the security of SDN is expressed as a threeobjective optimization problem, where objective functions minimize the annual costs of the sources planning of and operation of network and sources, minimize the voltage deviation function, and maximize the voltage security index respectively. Problem constraints contain AC optimal power flow and network reconfiguration equations, operation and planning model of active and reactive sources, DRP formulation, and voltage security limit. In the following, the proposed multiobjective problem converts to singleobjective formulation using Pareto optimization technique based on weighted functions summation method. Then, the hybrid solver of the Krill Herd Optimization (KHO) and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) are used to achieve the reliable optimal solution including low standard deviation. The proposed scheme has been coded in MATLAB 7.4 using a Pentium P4, Core 2 Duo 2.4 GHz personal computer with 1 GB RAM.Results: The proposed scheme is implemented on the 69bus radial SDN. The feasibility performance of KHO+CSA over other algorithms (original KHO, CSA, DE, and PSO) has been compared. It is observed that KHO+CSA algorithms provide minimum values for objective functions Cost, VDF, and VSI, compared to the other mentioned algorithms. This result is obtained in the 621nd convergence iteration, which is proportional to the computational time of 98.22 s. Moreover, Results show a low standard deviation of 0.94%, verifying its ability in achieving unique response conditions. Additionally, SCBs are generally placed at the feeder end buses to improve VDF and VSI while injecting reactive power equal to their maximum capacity into the SDN. DGs are also installed either at the beginning or at the end buses of the feeders to improve the Cost, VDF, and VSI functions. DRPs operate in charging (discharging) mode during offpeak (offpeak and middleload) hours to enhance operating costs. Accordingly, the proposed strategy improves the economic, the operation, and VSI indices by approximately 20%, 46%, and 11.5%, respectively. It can also reduce annual energy losses by 40% and maximum voltage drops by about 52%, but it will lead to a slight overvoltage in the SDN.Discussion and Conclusion: This study provides the planning of different sources based on the securablereliable operation strategy with simultaneous formulation of various economic and technical indices considering nonparametric modeling of uncertainties and solving the problem using the mentioned hybrid algorithm presented the contribution. By implementing this scheme on a 69bus SDN, the numerical results confirm the capability of this scheme in improving the economic, the operation, the reliability, and the security situation of SDN compared to the power flow studies. In fact, it can enhance the mentioned indices up to 20%, 46%, and 11% while taking into account optimal planning and operation of different sources and the DRP compared to the corresponding values obtained by the power flow studies.