non diagnosed papvc induce large reverse venovenous shunt after modified fontan surgery: a case report of a rare anomaly and embolization therapy

Fontan operation is a reliable palliative surgery for patients with single ventricle physiology. still, the development of complication is common; one of these complications that need to interventional approach is veno-venous collaterals between systemic and pulmonary veins. a 16-year-old girl with a history of modified fontan operation at 9 years ago was referred with progressive cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion. in contrast trans-thoracic echocardiography (tte), no fenestration was seen in fontan circulation. cardiac magnetic resonance revealed partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection (papvc) from left upper pulmonary vein to vertical vein and then into the innominate vein and svc with the reverse flow from superior vena cava (svc) to left upper pulmonary vein (lupv). this anomalous vein became severe engorged and tortuous. possibly, lupv and the vertical vein was dilated gradually as a result of increased pressure in the fontan circuit. finally, she underwent successful coil embolization in the midpart of the vertical vein. the oxygen saturation increased from 80% to 93%.