گزینش همزمان برای عملکرد دانه و سایر صفات زراعی در آفتابگردان

انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های پرمحصول در آفتابگردان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در این راستا تعداد 24 هیبرید جدید آفتابگردان به همراه رقم گلسا در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده (5 ×5) با دو تکرار طی سال زراعی 1399 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در این تحقیق به‌منظور مطالعه روابط میان صفات مختلف و گزینش هیبریدهای جدید آفتابگردان بر اساس ترکیبات عملکرد صفت از روش جدید بای‌پلات ژنوتیپ در عملکرد × صفت (gyt) استفاده شد. نتایج نمایش چندضلعی بای‌پلات gyt نشان داد که ژنوتیپ 19g در ترکیب قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، زودرسی و تعداد برگ با عملکرد دانه، بهترین ژنوتیپ بود. ژنوتیپ 5g نیز در ترکیب ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع طبق از سطح زمین، طول برگ، عرض برگ و طول دمبرگ با عملکرد دانه، ژنوتیب برتر بود. بر اساس نمایش مختصات تستر متوسط (atc) بای‌پلات gyt، ژنوتیپ‌های 5g و 19g به‌عنوان بهترین و ژنوتیپ‌های 24g، 23g و 25g به‌عنوان ضعیف‌ترین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر کلیه ترکیبات مثبت عملکرد صفت شناخته شدند. با توجه به نتایج، همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری بین صفات تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه و زودرسی در ترکیب با عملکرد دانه مشاهده شد. همچنین این صفات از وراثت‌پذیری عمومی بالایی برخوردار بودند. بنابراین به نظر می‌رسد که صفات تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه و زودرسی می‌توانند به‌عنوان معیارهای مناسب برای انتخاب برای افزایش عملکرد دانه در آفتابگردان مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

Simultaneous Selection for Seed Yield and Agronomic Traits in Sunflower

Selection of high yielding genotypes is very important in sunflower. Thus, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design (5 ×5) with two replications in the Agriculture Research Station of Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020. The genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot method was used in order to study the relationships between different traits and to select the new hybrids of sunflower based on yieldtrait combinations. The result of polygon view of GYT biplot indicated that G19 was the best genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with traits such as stem diameter, head diameter, seed number per head, thousand seed weight, early maturity and leaf number. Similarity, G5 also was superior genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with a number of traits, including plant height, head height from ground level, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length. Based on average tester coordinate (ATC) view of GYT biplot, the genotypes G19 and G5 in terms of all positive yieldtrait combinations were recognized as the best genotypes and genotypes G24, G23 and G25 as the weakest genotypes. A significant positive correlation was observed between seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity in combination with seed yield. Moreover, these traits had high broad sense heritability. Therefore, it seems that traits such as seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity could be used as suitable selection criterions for increasing seed yield in sunflower.Selection of high yielding genotypes is very important in sunflower. Thus, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design (5 ×5) with two replications in the Agriculture Research Station of Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020. The genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot method was used in order to study the relationships between different traits and to select the new hybrids of sunflower based on yieldtrait combinations. The result of polygon view of GYT biplot indicated that G19 was the best genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with traits such as stem diameter, head diameter, seed number per head, thousand seed weight, early maturity and leaf number. Similarity, G5 also was superior genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with a number of traits, including plant height, head height from ground level, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length. Based on average tester coordinate (ATC) view of GYT biplot, the genotypes G19 and G5 in terms of all positive yieldtrait combinations were recognized as the best genotypes and genotypes G24, G23 and G25 as the weakest genotypes. A significant positive correlation was observed between seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity in combination with seed yield. Moreover, these traits had high broad sense heritability. Therefore, it seems that traits such as seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity could be used as suitable selection criterions for increasing seed yield in sunflower.