electrochemical sensing of trifluralin in water by fluconazole-immobilized fe3o4/sio2 nanomagnetic core–shell linked to carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode; an experimental and theoretical modeling

A novel and sensitive method has been described for voltammetric study and determination of trifluralin, commonly used herbicide, based on its electrochemical oxidation on modified glassy carbon electrode (gce) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnt) and nanomagnetic core–shell coated with fluconazole (fe3o4/sio2 ~ flu). cv studies indicated that the amine group of trifluralin oxidation process has a quasi-reversible and adsorption-like behavior in a mechanism with equal number of electrons and protons. the proposed sensor was found to quantify trifluralin by swv in the range of 1.0 × 10−9–2.0 × 10−7 mol l−1, r2 = 0.998, detection limit (1.0 × 10−9 mol l−1) and repeatability (rsd = 1.99%, n = 10, for 1.0 × 10−7 mol l−1 trifluralin). the interpretations of the theoretical calculations and experimental results have shown good adaptation to discuss the outer sphere electron transfer (et) process on the fluconazole-immobilized fe3o4/sio2 core–shell linked to carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. to further validate its possible application, the method was used for the quantification of trifluralin in water samples.