single-layer solar cell based on nanostructure of polyaniline on fluorine-doped tin oxide: a simple, low-cost and efficient fto│n-pani│al cell

Nanostructure of polyaniline (n-pani) is assembled to form a polymer solar cell on fluorine-doped tin oxide (fto) and aluminum electrodes. the characterization and doping process of n-pani are verified by ultraviolet–visible (uv–vis) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. the n-pani conductivity is in the semiconductive range, and its contact resistance is determined by circular-tlm. the morphologies of n-pani, fto and n-pani film deposited on fto surface are investigated using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. the energy levels of homo and lumo and band gap energy are obtained by cyclic voltammetry and uv–vis spectroscopy. the similar results are found for band gap energy. the photovoltaic cell characteristics, i.e., open-circuit voltage (voc), short-circuit current density (jsc), fill factor and power conversion efficiency (pce or η), are evaluated by measuring the current density–voltage (j–v) under illumination condition and resistance measurements and are found to be 936 mv, 2.72 ma/cm2, 0.377 and 1.6%, respectively, for fto│n-pani│al structure. the mechanism of photoelectron conduction within the cell is studied by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. the results shows that not only fto│n-pani│al cell is completely efficient (in comparison with other similar cells, pce is relatively high), but also its fabrication is of low cost, simple, oxidation resistant and under the green condition.