trace determination of cadmium in rice samples using solidified floating organic drop microextraction based on vesicular supramolecular solvent followed by flow-injection analysis–flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this work, a solidified floating organic drop microextraction was developed based on a vesicular supramolecular solvent consisting of decanoic acid and quaternary ammonium. the method was used for preconcentration of trace amount of cadmium in different rice samples followed by flow-injection analysis–flame atomic absorption spectrometry. several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including ph, concentration of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as the chelating agent, sample and extraction solvent volume, stirring rate, extraction time, salt effect, and interfering ions were investigated and optimized. under the optimum conditions, a preconcentration factor of 84 was achieved. lod and loq were found to be 0.09 and 0.31 µg l−1, respectively. the calibration curve was linear within the range of 5.0–700 µg l−1 (r2 > 0.9978). intra- and inter-day precisions (rsd% n = 3) were estimated 2.7 and 3.9% at the concentration of 20 µg l−1, respectively. the accuracy of the method was successfully validated by analysis of an srm-1643f standard reference material. relative recoveries were achieved within the range of 93–107% elucidating suitability of the method for determination of cadmium in rice samples.