a green ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction technique based on deep eutectic solvents for flame atomic absorption spectrometer determination of trace level of lead in tobacco and food samples

A novel and green ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase microextraction method (lpme) based on deep eutectic solvents (dess) has been developed for the pre-concentration and extraction of lead from cigarette tobacco and food samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometer (faas) determination. multivariate plackett–burman design has been employed which make the proposed method more easy and fast as compare to routine practices and eliminated the step by step optimization process. further, accuracy of the developed ua-des-lpme has been checked with analysis of certified reference material and addition-recovery experiments for tobacco and food samples. the developed method showed a 4.4 µg l− 1 of limit of detection (lod) and 14.6 µg l− 1 of limit of quantification (loq) with the 4.0% of relative standard deviation (rsd). moreover, the developed method is more user-friendly, faster, and easier as compared to reported methods.