titanium electrode modified by nano-pmdah as a highly efficient polymer for removal of reactive red 13 using solar cells for energy-harvesting applications

Reactive and azo dyes are among the major pollutants of surface water. as these dyes can be toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, their contamination can bring about detrimental effects on public health. this study is an attempt to decolorization of a dye solution reactive red 13 (rr13), using a titanium electrode modified by a nano-polymer of methacryloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammoniumchloride homopolymer (pmdah). the energy for conducting the experiment was supplied by solar cells. the optimum value of adsorbent (pmdah) dose was shown to be 30 mg l− 1. maximum dye removal occurred at ph 7, dye concentration 100 mg l− 1, and 25 °c. stirring the solution during the treatment significantly improved the removal of dye. langmuir equation was used to quantify the amount of rr13 adsorbed on pmdah surface. furthermore, uv irradiation had a positive effect on dye removal. ft-ir spectrometry results for pmdah and pmdah + rr13 verified the treatment efficiency. finally, the adsorbent was surveyed by sem, tga, and h-nmr characterization. gs–ms analysis and cost analysis were used to identify the compounds of post-treatment products.