application of nano graphene-modified electrode as an electrochemical sensor for determination of tapentadol in the presence of paracetamol

Graphene-modified electrode (gme), as a selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor, was applied as the sensor used for the determination of tapentadol hydrochloride (tp) in the presence of paracetamol (pc) without any interference. cyclic voltammetry (cv), differential pulse voltammetry (dpv), and chronoamperometry techniques have been utilized in this work. the experimental parameters, time, ph and scan rate have all been examined and optimized. compared to carbon paste cpe, an increase of current signal was observed, demonstrating that gme exhibited favorable electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of tp at 0.82 v. the linear range was found 17.0–136.3 ng ml−1 in britton–robinson buffer (b–r) at ph 5.0. lod and loq were calculated and found to be 5.48 and 16.45 ng ml−1, respectively. the suggested method has been used successfully for determination of tp in pharmaceutical samples and spiked human urine samples. the suggested sensor is highly suitable for clinical analysis, quality control and routine determination of tp.