تدوین بسته مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریه انسان سالم و مقایسه اثربخشی آن با روان‌درمانی مثبتنگر بر داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم

پژوهش حاضر در راستای تدوین بستۀ مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریۀ انسان سالم و مقایسۀ اثربخشی آن با روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر بر داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم انجام شد. روش این پژوهش، ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی متوالی است. در بخش کیفی برای تدوین و اعتبارسنجی بسته از روش تحلیل مضمون قیاسی آتراید استرلینگ (2001) استفاده شد. جامعۀ پژوهش شامل تمام مقالات مرتبط در زمینۀ رویکرد انسان سالم و مداخلاتی بود که بر روی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم انجام شده بود که تعداد آن به‌طور هدفمند و براساس ملاک‌های ورود درمجموع با 52 پژوهش به اشباع نظری رسید؛ همچنین از توافق بین 6 نفر از متخصصان روان‌شناسی برای تعیین روایی محتوایی استفاده شد که درنهایت، پایایی بین ارزیاب‌ها 0.88 به دست آمد. نتایج تحلیل مضمون نشان‌دهندۀ این بود که 18 مضمون پایه در 8 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده (رضایت و لذت‌بردن از زندگی، دوست‌داشتن مخلوق و خود، فراشناخت، آرامش، شادی، امید، جاری‌بودن و معنا) به دست آمد و بستۀ مداخله درمانی براساس فراوانی آنها تدوین شد. روش پژوهش در بخش کمی شامل طرح نیمه آزمایشی سه گروهی- سه مرحله‌ای بود که درنهایت، در هر گروه با احتساب ریزش آماری 14 نفر قرار گرفتند. جامعۀ آماری هم در مطالعۀ پایلوت و هم در بخش مطالعه اصلی نیز شامل کلیۀ مادران کودکان مبتلا به اختلال اتیسم مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز اتیسم در سطح شهر اصفهان در تیرماه سال 1401 بود. داده‌ها در هر سه مرحله با پرسشنامۀ مقیاس داغ اجتماعی رضایی دهنوی و همکاران (1388)، مقیاس ناگویی هیجانی تورنتو (20-tas) گردآوری شد. بستۀ روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر رشید و سلیگمن (2013) طی 8 جلسه و بستۀ مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریۀ انسان سالم طی 9 جلسۀ‌ 90 دقیقه‌ای اجرا شد. یافته‌های تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر نشان‌دهندۀ آن بود که هر دو بستۀ مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریۀ انسان سالم و روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر باعث کاهش داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم شده و این اثربخشی در طول زمان ماندگار بوده است (0.05≥p)؛ درنتیجه بین اثربخشی دو بستۀ مداخله درمانی در مرحلۀ پس‌آزمون و پیگیری تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت و از این مداخلات درمانی برای بهبود داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای فرزند مبتلا به اتیسم استفاده می‌شود.

developing a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on social stigma and emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism disorder

the current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. the method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . in the qualitative section, atride stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. the research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the content validity ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. the results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency was compiled. research method in the quantitative part; it included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. the statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in isfahan city in july 2022. the data in all three stages were collected by social stigma scale’s rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and toronto ataxia scale (tas-20). the package of positive psychotherapy according to rashid and seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. the findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). as a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. introduction the current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. the method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . in the qualitative section, atride stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. the research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the content validity ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. the results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency was compiled. research method in the quantitative part; it included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. the statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in isfahan city in july 2022. the data in all three stages were collected by social stigma scale’s rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and toronto ataxia scale (tas-20). the package of positive psychotherapy according to rashid and seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. the findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). as a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and