بررسی و تحلیل کارکرد رنگ در شعر پایداری افغانستان براساس نظریۀ ماکس لوشر؛ مطالعۀ موردی اشعار خلیل‌الله خلیلی

ادبیات فارسی معاصر افغانستان، متاثّر از عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی انقلاب مشروطه و سپس کودتای هفتم ثور (7اردیبهشت)، متحوّل و زمینه ساز شکل‌گیری جریان‌های متفاوت شعری شد که هریک شعر را برمبنای اندیشه های آرمان‌گرایانۀ خویش تفسیر می کردند. شاعران این جریان های شعری از رنگ‌ها نیز، به‌عنوان ابزاری برای بیان اهداف سیاسی و اجتماعی‌ خود، بهره برده‌اند؛ به‌ویژه شاعران جریان پایداری، از سرآمدترین جریان های شعر معاصر افغانستان، در بیان افکار خود، از طیف‌های مختلف رنگ ها استفاده کرده‌اند. رنگ‌ها، به‌سبب نقش مهمشان در بازتاب شخصیت عاطفی و معنوی افراد، در علم روان‌شناسی مدرن نیز موردتوجه قرار گرفته اند. یکی از آزمون هایی که براساس کیفیت کاربرد رنگ ها می‌تواند وضعیت روحی و روانی هنرمند را بازگو کند، نظریۀ روان‌شناسی رنگ ماکس لوشر است. پژوهش حاضر به‌شیوۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام گرفته و اهمیت آن در این است که مطالعه روشمند شعر پایداری افغانستان می‌تواند ما را با لایه‌های پنهان و نحوۀ تفکر شاعران این جریان آشنا سازد.بررسی موردی کارکرد هشت رنگ کاربردی لوشر در اشعار خلیل‌الله خلیلی، طلایه دار شعر مقاومت و پایداری افغانستان، نشان می دهد کاربرد وافر رنگ سرخ و سیاه در وضعیت نخست نشان دهندۀ گرایش شاعر به مفهوم قیام و مبارزه علیه  استبداد و نابسامانی‌های اجتماعی است؛ همچنین بسامد رنگ سبز و آبی در وضعیت دوم، که حاکی از وضع واقعی است، تمایل و امید شاعر به زندگیِ بهتر، پایان تجاوز و ایجاد تحوّل عمیق در جامعه را نشان می‌دهد.

a study and analysis of the role of color in the afghanistanian resistance poetry based on max luscher’s theory a case study of khalilullah khalili’s poetry

the contemporary persian literature of afghanistan, affected by the social and cultural factors of the constitutional revolution and then the 7th soar coup (7th ardibehesht), was transformed and became the basis for the formation of different poetic movements. each of them interpreted poetry based on their idealistic ideas. the poets of these poetic movements have also used colors as a tool to express their political and social goals; especially the poets of the movement of resistance. one of the best movements of contemporary poetry in afghanistan, have used a range of different colors in expressing their thoughts.since colors play an important role in reflecting the emotional and spiritual personality of a human being. they have also been considered in the modern psychology and thus, psychologists can understand the mental states of the composers by considering the quality of the choice of colors in poems. one of the tests that can tell the artist’s mental state based on the quality of the use of colors, is max luscher’s theory of color psychology.this article is looking for a precise and methodical reading of the poetry of afghanistan resistance based on the theory of max luscher, so that it can help us in a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the thoughts and personalities of the poets of this movement and the important reflected elements of their poetry. to introduce the hidden layers of contemporary poetry of afghanistan and the way of thinking of its contemporary poets.the present study, using the descriptive and analytical method, investigates and analyzes the colors used in the poetry of the first poet of the afghanistan resistance, khalilullah khalili. in this article, luscher’s applied colors and their evocative have been collected first. then each of them has been classified, analyzed, and studied with the approach of max luscher’s theory.a case study of lusher’s use of eight colors in khalilullah khalili’s poems shows that his first choice in his poems is red and black. red is a symbol of life and death. the symbol of death with burning flames that destroys everything and the symbol of life that pours the passion of love in the heart. the choice of black color next to red in the first choice expresses his displeasure and disgust with the surrounding environment and his protest against the current situation, hatred of aggression, injustice, and the suffocating atmosphere of the society. but the green and blue color in the second choice, which reflects the real situation and the desired goal of affairs, shows his desire for a better life and hope for the future, which requires peace and intimacy. the choice of brown and gray colors in the third step shows that due to social unrest, khalili expresses his feelings and emotions in a hidden manner, and this issue makes his poetry more mysterious and consequently more artistic. and the choice of yellow and purple in the fourth step shows the poet’s desperation, which has led him to take refuge in himself. he hides his natural passion and imaginative nature as much as possible, and this issue has made his poetic language symbolic.as a result, it can be inferred that the abundant use of red and black colors in the first situation shows the poet’s tendency towards the concept of the uprising and struggle against aggression, tyranny, and social disorder.  the red color in his poems tells about martyrdom and struggle, and he seeks the way out of black color in red color, and therefore all his poems are covered with blood and martyrdom, and it tells about struggle. but also, the frequency of green and blue colors in the second situation which indicates the real situation, manifests the poet’s desire for a better life, the end of aggression, tyranny, the creation of deep change and transformation in the society.