from the first pain to the last treatment: mythological references to the origin of diseases and their remedy in the book of bundahishn

According to ancient iranian mythology, the world is depicted as a battleground between the forces of good and evil. ahuramazda is revered as the ultimate source of goodness, while ahriman is portrayed as the creator of all things malevolent, such as darkness, ignorance, pain, and disease. these mythological concepts have been passed down through references in the avesta texts and pahlavi literature, providing insights into the beliefs of ancient iranians. in a scholarly exploration of these themes, the research delves into the textual evidence concerning illness, treatment, and the origins of these concepts as presented in the bundahishn, a reliable source for understanding ancient iranian beliefs. ancient iranian cosmology posits that afflictions and maladies stem from the destructive influence of ahriman and his cohorts, who seek to wreak havoc upon creation. conversely, the forces of ahuramazda strive to counteract this demonic evil by imparting medical knowledge to humanity and teaching healing practices. within this dualistic worldview, pain and disease are attributed to demonic origins, while medicine and treatment are associated with ahuramazda. the ancient iranians viewed the pursuit of medical knowledge and the practice of pharmacy as integral components of the eternal battle between good and evil. in this framework, safeguarding health and administering treatment are essential in the ongoing struggle against evil forces. this holistic perspective underscores the interconnectedness of physical well-being with spiritual beliefs, emphasizing the role of individuals in preserving their health as an act of resistance against demonic influences.