al-razi’s contributions to veterinary medicine; toxicology subspecialty

Veterinary toxicology is one of the subspecialties of veterinary medicine. on the other hand, traditional medical sources also contain veterinary knowledge, entailing human medical information. in this study, we aimed to extract and present relevant information on the part of the history of veterinary medicine, especially veterinary toxicology, through research on al-razi’s book al-hawi fi al-tib. we queried keywords of poison, poisoning, animal, and related terms in al-hawi fi al-tib. also, we searched international and domestic databases, including web of science, scopus, pubmed, google scholar, sid, and irandoc, to obtain relevant data. our results showed that al-razi directly mentioned the toxicity of ten toxic plants in the animals. it is suggested that al-razi has contributed to the knowledge of veterinary medicine and the subspecialty of veterinary toxicology in particular. future studies recommended to vet other historical medical sources, including traditional medicine textbooks, to find relevant information about veterinary medicine and veterinary toxicology.