rhazes’s view on nasal tumors

Rhazes, or abū bakr muḥammad ibn zakariyyā al-rāzī (854-925 ce), was an iranian physician, philosopher and chemist. he learned medicine more through the hospital and so-called clinical observations and, therefore, spent more time on his studies; this can be seen in his works and writings. he used the writings of medical predecessors and cited them in his writings. he followed and completed their works and sometimes wrote critiques on their works. in his written medical works, rhazes has paid special attention to various diseases, notably tumors and cancer. it is noteworthy that over a thousand years ago, a skilled physician presented his explanation and treatment strategies for nasal cancer and tumor status.