اثر سیدجمال الدین الریادی فی ظهور ادب المقاومه المصری (دیوان محمود سامی البارودی انموذجاً )

لقد کان اثر السید جمال الدین الاسد آبادی کبیراً فی الصحوه الاسلامیّه ولاسیما فی نهایات القرن التاسع عشر وقد کان یومن انها هی السبیل الاساس لنهضه المجتمعات الاسلامیّه وخاصه العربیه ومن ثم یمکن توجیه نشاطات الادباء لتعمیق الاثر الایجابی فی تلک النهضه، ولمکانه مصر واثرها فی العالم الاسلامیّ فقد اتخذها السید مرکزاً لنشاطاته بعد ان احدث فیها تطورات ملحوظه سیاسیاً واجتماعیاً وادبیاً؛ ففی الحقل الادبی اخذ عنه ادباء وکتّاب امثال: محمود سامی البارودی ومحمد عبده بوصفهما الابوین الریادیین للادب. فقد احدث البارودی ملامح فی الشعر العربی الحدیث، نستشف منها سمات المقاومه والصمود، مستلهماً مشروع جمال الدین الاصلاحی. فظهر الشاعر مناضلاً اسلامیّاً، یتحدّى الاستعمار واذنابه؛ وقد قامت هذه الدراسه لتسلیط الضوء على الاثر الذی ترکه السید جمال الدین فی الشعر والادب الحدیث متخذهً من شعر البارودی مادهً للبحث. وتمّ البحث على ضوء المنهج الوصفی –التحلیلی. فجاءت اشکالیه البحث وخلفیته فی طلیعه المقال ثم قدمنا نبذه عن حیاه الاثنین السید جمال الدین والبارودی. فتمخّضت الدراسه عن نتائج منها: انّ الشعر العربی الحدیث فی انتعاشه وانتقاله من البرود والسطحیه الى الحیویه والذاتیه لیس نتیجه للحمله الفرنسیه او احتکاکه بالادب الاروبی فحسب، وانّما مدینٌ لمحاولات القاده والمفکرین الاسلامیّین امثال سید جمال الدین واتباعه فی شتى البلدان الاسلامیّه. وقد ترکزت دعوه السید جمال الدین على عنصرین مهمین وهما الحفاظ على الاصاله الاسلامیّه والمعاصره، وتمثلت ملامح هذه الریاده فی شعر محمود سامی البارودی ومنها: الدفاع عن الشعوب المظلومه  وحثهم على کسب العلوم الحدیثه واجتناب الخمول کخطوه للتخلص من استعباد المستعمر وذلّه، واماطه اللثام عن وجه المستعمر وموامراته، ودعوه الحکام المسلمین الى اقامه العدل وتاکید اثر العلماء والمثقفین فی تحدید مصیر المجتمع الاسلامیّ متاثراً بافکار السید جمال الدین.

Pioneering Role of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī in Rise of Egyptian Resistance Literature (Case Study of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi’s Diwan)

Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī played a major pioneering role in Islamic uprising and guiding the activities of writers at the end of nineteenth century and the beginning of twentieth century. He dedicated his utmost effort to revive Islamic thought, laying the foundations for unity among all Muslims, attracting energies to resist major colonial powers and calling for adherence of Islamic countries to common principles of Islam. Among the Islamic countries, Egypt was selected by Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī as an epicenter for his political activities because of its high standing and status as well as a source of Islamic currents after remarkable political, social and literary developments took place in this country. In the literary field, writers and scholars such as Mahmoud Sami El-Baroudi and Muhammad Abduh studied under his auspices as pioneering figures, the former for modern Arabic poetry and the latter as the father of modern Arabic prose. Sami El-Baroudi developed features in modern Arabic poetry, from which we can discern the characteristics of resistance and steadfastness, which were inspired by Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s reformist project. Thus, the poet emerged as an Islamic fighter challenging colonialism and its lackeys in the real world, so that he was nicknamed “Lord of Sword and Pen” because of giving pulse and freshness to modern Arabic poetry as well as his mastery of martial arts. This study intended to shed light on the extent of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s impact on modern poetry and literature using El-Baroudi’s poetry as the research subject. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and yielded the following results. The recovery and transition of modern Arabic poetry from stagnation, emotionlessness and superficiality to strength, vitality and subjectivity is not dependent only on French influence and thereby its contact with the features of European literature but rather indebted to the attempts of Islamic leaders and thinkers such as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and his followers in various Islamic countries from the river to the sea. Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s call focused on two important elements, namely preservation of Islamic authenticity and modernity. The features of this pioneering role are represented in Mahmoud Sami El-Baroudi’s poetry, including defending oppressed peoples, urging them to acquire modern sciences and to avoid idleness and humiliation, unveiling the real face of colonizers and their conspiracies, and inviting Muslim rulers to establish justice, confirming the impact of scholars and intellectuals in determining the fate of Islamic community under the influence of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s thoughts.