القیود الزمکانیّه فی شعر الخنساء؛ دراسه جمالیّه دلالیّه

القیود تزید الکلام معنى وتغنیه ایضاحاً وعمقاً فکلّما ازدادت قیود الکلام ازدادت معانیه وکثرت دلالاته. والقیود الداله على الزمان والمکان من اکثر القیود استعمالاً فی اللغه العربیّه؛ اذ انّ لکل فعل زماناً یحدث خلاله ومکاناً یقع فیه. وقد استخدمت الخنساء هذه القیود بکثافه فی نتاجها الشعری بغیه اثراء نصّها ورفده بوظائف جمالیّه ودلالیه فاعله. انّ الخنساء من اشهر شواعر الادب العربیّ وفی مقدمه شعراء الرثاء الذی یعدّ من اقدم الاغراض الشعریه المرتکزه علی القیود الزمکانیه تهدف هذه الورقه الى دراسه القیود الداله على الزمان والمکان فی شعر الخنساء للوقوف على دورها فی خلق المعانی وابداع الصور البیانیه فی شعرها. تعتمد هذه الورقه على المنهج الوصفیّ التحلیلیّ وتستفید من الاحصاء فی بعض جوانبها، وقد توصّلت الی نتائج اهمّها انّ الخنساء افادت من طاقات القیود الزمانیه والمکانیه لبیان عواطفها فی فقد اقربائها، فابدعت فی الکثیر من المعانی والثیمات المبتکره. ومن خلال توظیف الشاعره لهذه القیود الموحیه رکزت علی صفات المدح بغیه تمجید مرثیها والاطراء علیه حیث تجعله فی قمه تلک الصفات. فضلاً عن الدلالات التی تنتجها هذه القیود فی النصّ الشعریّ، فقد اخضعتها الخنساء لاغناء الصور التشبیهیه والاستعاریّه المبتکره، اذ اغنت الصور حسناً وجمالاً وظرافهً، کما وظفتها لخلق بعض الصور الکنائیه.

The Chronotropic Adverbs in alkhansā’s poems; A Semantic Aesthetic Study

Adverbs add to the meaning of the word and clarify its different angles in such a way that it can be said the more the verbal adverbs are, the greater its meaning will be and its implications become wider. Time and place adverbs are most commonly used in Arabic because every action takes place at a time and occurs in a place. AlKhansa is one of the most famous Arab poets and the pioneer of making jeremiad of that nation. In this article, the author intends to examine the time and place adverbs in AlKhansa’s poetry in order to clarify how the poet has used them to creating meaning? And what roles have these adverbs played in the images which she has created? The method chosen to conduct this research is a descriptive analytical method and sometimes the use of statistics. The results of this research point to the fact that AlKhansa has used wellknown adverbs to express her emotions, which more reflects the grief of the loss of her relatives, and has created meaning and innovations through the proper use of them. She has added to her admiration through using adverbs which has placed him at the top of that trait. Occasionally, by using specific adverbs, such as giving or delaying, she extracts her intended meaning. The poet has also used the adverbs for the richness of the simile and metaphorical images she creates, and she used them to creat metonymic images.