تاثیر الادب العربیّ على الادب الاندونیسیّ القدیم؛ شعر حمزه فانسوری نموذجاً

اشار بعض مورخی الادب الاندونیسى الى تاثر الادب الاندونیسیّ تاثرا کبیرًا بالادب الاجنبیّ عامه والادب العربیّ خاصه. وهذا النظر یحتاج الى براهین وشواهد، حتى تظهر الوقائع الصحیحه الحقیقیه. ویهدف هذا البحث الى معرفه مدى تاثر الادب الاندونیسیّ القدیم بالادب العربیّ وابعاده. ولمعرفه ذلک، نحتاج الى دراسه مقارنه وافیه بین الادبین. ونرید ان نکشف هذا التاثر من خلال شعر حمزه فانسوری وهو کاتب وشاعر صوفی اندونیسیّ شهیر من منطقه آتشیه روج مذهب وحده الوجود الذی دعا الیه ابن عربیّ. انه اول شاعر عرّف صوره الشعر فی الادب الملایوی. وکتب عده قصائد تتناول المفاهیم الصوفیه، ونحن نفترض ان تلک القصائد کانت متاثره بالادب العربیّ. ومن خلال دراسه مقارنه بین الادبین العربیّ والاندونیسیّ اظهرت النتائج: ان حمزه فانسوری قد تاثر فی شعره بالادب العربیّ لغویا وشکلا ومضمونا. واستخدم، من ناحیه اللغه، کثیرا من المفردات والمصطلحات العربیّه کالطالب، والغائب، والتائب والشعر، والمدح، والاعتقاد وغیرها. واما من جانب الشکل فقد کان شعره یتضمن بعض الابعاد التی تعارف علیه الادب العربیّ کالابعاد التی تتعلق بالعروض والبلاغه کالقافیه والاقتباس والسجع والتشبیهات. واما من ناحیه المضمون او الروح فقد تاثر بالاغراض الشعریه الصوفیه العربیّه وبعدد من الافکار الصوفیه العربیّه کما جاء بها ابن عربیّ وغیره، ولکن مع ذلک فان حمزه فانسوری جاء ببعض الابتکارات شکلا ومضمونا فی شعره وفقًا للسیاقات الاندونیسیّه.

The contributions of Arabic in classic Indonesian Literature in Hamzah’s Poetry

Historical literature in Indonesia has indicated that it has been influenced in ages by foreign literature, especially Arabic literature. However, this perspective requires more evidence, therefore it could indicate the validity of the influence of old Indonesian literature by Arabic literature and in several aspects. This study intends to reveal the influence of old Indonesian literature by Arabic literature through the poetry of Hamzah Fansuri, a very famous Sufi poet from Aceh. Hamzah Hansuri is known as a follower of the Wahdatul concept pioneered by Ibn Arabi. He is a scholar who first introduced the form of poetry in Malay literature. In composing his verses, it is indicated indicates that they were influenced by Arabic literature. Through a comparative literary study between Arabic literature and Indonesian literature, it can be concluded that the poetry composed by Hamzah Fansuri is influenced by Arabic literature’s aspect, such as terms of language, form and content. From the language aspect, Hamzah Fansuri’s verses contain a lot of Arabic vocabularies, most of which have been adapted into Indonesian such as thalib, ghaib, taib, syair, madah,i’tiqad ect. From the form’s aspect, Hamzah Fansuri’s verses indicate several elements in Arabic literature, such as ‘arūḍ, qāfiyah, balāgah, iqtibās, and others. On the content basis, Hamzah Fansuri’s verses are influenced by various kinds of Arabic Sufism, such as Ibn Arabi and others. Thus, Hamzah Fansuri also proved well many innovations in his verses, either the form or content according to Indonesian’s context.