البعد النفسی لمنظور عین السارد فی القصه القصیره السوریّه بین 1995 و2005م

عملت الدراسات السردیّه المرتبطه بالتبئیر على دراسه الراوی او السارد، بوصفه عنصراً بنیویّاً مهمّاً فی بنیه السرد القصصی، دراسه وافیه مبیّنه موقعه مما یروی، ومعرفته الکلیّه او الجزئیّه بالاحداث، وموقعه منها، ووعیه لها، وتحرّکت هذه الدراسات وفقاً لمحورین اثنین هما: المحور الفکری المعرفی، والمحور الفنّی الجمالی، وتحدّثت عن نوعین من التبئیر: (تبئیر داخلی، وتبئیر خارجی)، فکان بذلک مجالاً واسعاً للدراسات التقنیه التی لا تعنى بالجانب البشری للذات السارده وما یتعلق بها من الجوانب النفسیه والاجتماعیه والفکریه. فظل السارد تقنیه سردیه لا تعدو کونها وسیله لنقل وقائع السرد, ومنظور تصویر الاحداث. ویاتی هذا البحث لیقدّم قراءه فی بعد جدید من ابعاد السارد فی المستوى الداخلی، لا یلغی البعدین: الفکری، والفنی، ولا یستعاض بهما عنه، بل انّه یکمّل مساعیهما ویعمّقها، وهذا البعد الجدید هو البعد النفسی الذی یُعنى بالاحوال العاطفیه والوجدانیه للذات السارده، ویتتبّع انفعالاتها من حیث هی عوامل موثره فی السیروره السردیّه وما یرتهن بها من تسویغ للاحداث وتعلیل للسلوک داخل المتن النصی، فلا یخفى ان العلاقه ما بین نفسیه السارد ولغته علاقه متجذّره فی مجال الابداع الادبی. وقد عمد البحث الى تطبیق هذا المنظور على نصوص من القصه القصیره السوریه بین عامی 1995 – 2005م، نظراً لما بلغته من تطور فنّی ومعرفی. مما یعطی انموذجاً تطبیقیاً یوضح اهمیه الافکار الوارده فی هذا البحث ویسوّغ الجانب النظری الذی انطلق منه. وینتهی البحث الى جمله من النتائج التی تغنی الدراسات السردیه.

The psychological dimension of the narrator’s perspective in the Syrian short story between 1995 and 2005

Narrative studies related to focus worked on the study of the narrator, as an important structural element in the structure of the storytelling, a thorough study showing his position of what he tells, and his total or partial knowledge of events, his location from them, and his awareness of them, and these studies moved according to two directions: the intellectualcognitive direction, and the artisticaesthetic direction, and talked about two types of focus: (internal focus and external focus), thus it was a wide field for technical studies that were not concerned with the human and the psychological aspects of the narrator, social and intellectual aspects related to it. Thus, the narrator remained a narrative technique that is nothing more than a means of conveying the facts of the narration, and the perspective of depicting events.     This research comes to present a reading in a new dimension of the narrator’s dimensions at the internal level, which does not cancel the two dimensions: intellectual and artistic, and does not replace them with it, but rather it complements and deepens their endeavors, and this new dimension is the psychological dimension that is concerned with the emotional and personal states of the narrator, and it tracks its emotions as influencing factors in the narrative process and the justification for events and an explanation of behavior within the textual body. It is no secret that the relationship between the narrator’s psychology and language is rooted in the field of literary creativity. The research applied this perspective to texts from the Syrian short story between 1995 2005 AD, given the technical and cognitive development it reached, which gives an applied model that clarifies the importance of the ideas contained in this research and justifies the theoretical aspect from which it was launched. The research ends with a set of results that enrich the narrative studies.