کاربرد علوم شناختی در مدیریت (با بهره گیری از رویکرد فراترکیب)

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺮدآوری ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮاﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارک ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﯿﺶ از 2000 ﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ- ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﺧﻠﯽ و 10 ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻃﯽ 19ﺣﺪود ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺴﺖوﺟﻮ ﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ، ﭼﮑﯿﺪه و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ 63 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ از آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪه و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاری ﺑﺎز در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ، زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮔﺮوه اول، ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ رﻫﺒﺮی، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی، ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮوه دوم، ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺼﺐ- رﻫﺒﺮی، رﻫﺒﺮی ﻋﻘﻠﯽ- ﻣﻐﺰی، رﻫﺒﺮی ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ و ﺧﻮدرﻫﺒﺮی و ﺧﻮدﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم، ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ داﻧﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎ، در ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎ و اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﻫﺒﺮی و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﻫﺒﺮی ورود ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻃﺮح، از ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮات ﺑﯿﻦرﺷﺘﻪای ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻘﯽ را ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ورود ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎزﮔﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ داﻧﺶ ﺑﯿﻦرﺷﺘﻪای ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رﻫﺒﺮی ﻧﯿﺰ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Application of cognitive science in management (A metasynthesis study)

Abstract This study aimed to study the application of cognitive science in management. The research method was qualitative and metasynthesis. The research population comprises all of the more than 2000 scientifictechnical documents found in 8 internal scientific databases and 10 external scientific databases. Out of these articles, after subject review, abstracts and contents were finally selected and analyzed for 63 articles. Open coding analysis method was used in two levels of concepts and categories for qualitative analysis. Based on the analysis, three groups of applications of cognitive science in management were identified, each of which included subdivisions. The first group is the application of cognitive science to management functions including leadership, decision making, planning, supervision and cognitive control. The second group has been applying the cognitive sciences in various management styles including neuroleadership, rationalbrain leadership, wise and selfdirected leadership and selfmanagement. The third group deals with the application of cognitive science in various areas of management including cognitive management and cognitive business management.