بررسی ارتباط بین سواد سلامت و خودمراقبتی در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮای ﮐﺴﺐ، ﭘﺮدازش و درک اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی در زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻃﻼق ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪی در اﻧﺠﺎم رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ ﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻮع دو اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1396 در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ 390 ﺑﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻮع دو در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ (sdsca: the summary of diabetes self-care activities) و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎﻻن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ (helia: health literacy for iranian adults) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏﻃﺮﻓﻪ، t و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ pearson در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 20 spss ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻧﻤﺮه ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﻌﺎدل 48/56±16/31 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ 55/9 درﺻﺪ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎران، ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 50/77±15/18 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ، ارﺗﺒﺎط آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ (0/064=p). در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺳﻦ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﻫﻞ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت، ﺷﻐﻞ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺪت ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺑﯿﻤﺎری، ارﺗﺒﺎط آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری داﺷﺖ (0/05

Relationship between Health Literacy and Self-care Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Health literacy (HL) is the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and the required services to make proper health decisions, which empowers the individuals to perform selfcare behaviors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and selfcare in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted on 390 patients who referred to rural health centers with type 2 diabetes in Babol, Iran, during 2017. The data were collected using Health Literacy for Iranian Adults and the Summary of Diabetes SelfCare Activities. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through oneway ANOVA, ttest, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Findings: According to the results, the mean ±SD HL of the patients was 48.56 ±16.31. Moreover, the results revealed that 55.9% of the patients had an inadequate level of HL. Moreover, the mean ±SD of selfcare score was obtained at 50.77 ±15.18 in one week. The results also revealed no significant relationship between HL and selfcare behavior (P=0.064). However, HL was significantly correlated with gender, age, marital status, educational level, occupational status, socioeconomic status, and disease duration (P<0.05). Furthermore, selfcare behavior was significantly correlated with the number of family members, educational level, and disease duration (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given that over 50% of the patients have an inadequate level of HL, and considering that demographic characteristics play an important role in HL and performing selfcare behavior, it is suggested that health care providers include these issues while developing healthcare programs.