واکاوی چالش‌های تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی ایران: پژوهشی کیفی

امروزه به دلیل رشد فزاینده فناوری ها و تاثیرات شگرف آنها بر ساحت های اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی و همچنین، تغییر انتظارات شهروندان، تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی به ضرورتی اجتناب ناپذیر تبدیل شده است. دولت ها طلایه داران بهره گیری و بهره مندی جامعه از تحول دیجیتال هستند؛ اما، با وجود این، چالش هایی بر سر راه دولت وجود دارد که مانع از ایفای چنین نقشی می شود. با توجه به بررسی ادبیات موضوع و نبود چارچوب جامع از چالش های تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی ایران، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی چالش های فراروی بخش دولتی ایران در استقرار تحول دیجیتال انجام شده است. در این پژوهش، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی و برای گردآوری داده ها و استخراج نظر خبرگان از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با 40 نفر از متخصصین حوزه it استفاده به عمل آمده است. طبق یافته های پژوهش، چالش های تحول دیجیتال در سازمان های دولتی ایران را می توان در چهار دسته «چالش های سخت افزاری تحول دیجیتال (زیرساخت فناوری اطلاعات و زیرساخت مالی)، چالش های نرم افزاری تحول دیجیتال (حکمرانی دیجیتال و فرهنگ تحول دیجیتال)، چالش های انسان افزاری تحول دیجیتال (شایستگی های متولیان تحول دیجیتال و شایستگی های شهروندی دیجیتال) و چالش های اکوسیستم (تعاملات اکوسیستم و ظرفیت اکوسیستم)» طبقه بندی کرد. این چارچوب می تواند به عنوان هادی پژوهش های آتی در مورد تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی مورد استفاده نظریه پردازان و پژوهشگران قرار گیرد و رهنمودهای مفیدی برای خط مشی گذاران و مدیران دولتی ارائه دهد.

analyzing the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s public sector: a qualitative research

in recent times, owing to the rapid growth of technologies and their significant impacts on economic, political and social spheres as well as the changing expectations of citizens, digital transformation in the public sector has become an imperative need. governments act as the guardians of the society in harnessing and benefiting from digital transformation. however, despite this, there are challenges confronting the government that hinder it from playing such a role. according to the literature review and the lack of a comprehensive framework of the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s public sector, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the challenges facing iran’s public sector in establishing digital transformation. in this study, the qualitative content analysis method was employed to collect data and extract expert opinions from semi-structured interviews with 40 information technology specialists. based on the findings, the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s government organizations can be categorized into four types: hardware challenges (information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure), software challenges (digital governance and the culture of digital transformation), human challenges (competencies of digital transformation custodians and digital citizenship competencies) and ecosystem challenges (ecosystem interactions and ecosystem capacity). this framework can be utilized by theorists and researchers as a guide for future studies on digital transformation in the public sector and provide useful guidelines for policymakers and government managers.introductionin the last few years, the emergence of digital technologies such as the internet of things, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning has caused an unprecedented transformation in the government, industry and society. industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 have led governments to use technologies to improve services and the quality of public administration, and the governance process of societies in the digital age has changed significantly. today, citizens expect services to be provided to them with speed, agility, flexibility and minimum cost. as a result, it is very important that the government has the ability to provide better services in the shortest time to the citizens in any geographical area. therefore, government organizations as the executive arm of national governance should be in line with the needs and demands of citizens in search of new methods that bring continuous innovation in providing public services to citizens. one of these methods is the implementation of digital transformation, or in other words, the transition from the current electronic government to the digital government, which can be a way out of the current situation and a way to provide better public services.today, any government that wants to move towards the realization of good governance must be equipped with a powerful tool such as digital government, the realization of which requires the implementation of digital transformation in the public sector. unlike digitization, which focuses on the digitalization of services, digital transformation refers to the fundamental redesign and revision of public policies, processes, and services in order to create better value and user experiences digital transformation helps governments to provide services that even in an era of challenges such as budget constraints, income inequality and geopolitical instability; it meets the changing expectations of citizens and businesses and also enables citizens to expand their interactions with governments, which ultimately can lead to increasing the resilience of a country’s social and economic system. in this regard, digital government has received attention in all parts of the world and almost all developed countries have welcomed digital government policies and made technological innovations.