ارائه الگوی شایستگی‌های حکمرانِ خوب دانشگاهی: رویکردی کیفی

در قرن بیست و یکم نهادهای تولید دانش، به خصوص دانشگاه‌ها، مسئولیت سنگینی دارند و برای تحقق رسالت ها و کارکردهایی که جامعه از نهادها و به ویژه از دانشگاه انتظار دارد، باید بتوانند از حداکثر توان و ظرفیت خود استفاده کنند. از اهم ظرفیت های قابل استفاده در دانشگاه که به نحوی بر سایرین اشراف دارد، ظرفیت و شایستگی‌های مدیریتی و حکمرانی آن است و رییس یا حکمرانِ دانشگاه با بالاترین مسئولیت اجرایی و علمی باید با ایفای عالی نقش حکمرانی و مدیریتی، زمینه تحقق رسالت‌ها و اهداف دانشگاه را فراهم آورد. در پژوهش حاضر برای دستیابی به این هدف، از روش پژوهش کیفی جهت ارائه الگوی شایستگی‌های حکمرانِ خوب دانشگاهی بهره گرفته شد. به همین منظور تعداد 23 نفر از اساتید و خبرگان آموزش عالی مطلع نسبت به موضوع و با راهبرد نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب‌شده و به‌صورت نیمه ساختاریافته مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از تکینک تحلیل موضوعی (تم) استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی کیفیت داده‌ها، اعتبار (باورپذیری) و اعتماد (اطمینان‌پذیری) یافته‌ها تامین شد. پس از پیاده‌سازی محتوای مصاحبه‌ها و تحلیل آن‌ها، هفت شایستگی اصلی (شایستگی رهبری مدیریتی، شایستگی سازمانی، شایستگی تخصصی/فنی، شایستگی عملکردی، شایستگی فردی شخصیتی، شایستگی معنوی/اخلاقی و شایستگی ارزش‌آفرینی) برای الگوی شایستگی‌های حکمرانِ خوب دانشگاهی شناسایی و کشف گردید. هفت شایستگی اصلی این مطالعه کیفی می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از الگوهای مناسب در انتخاب و انتصابِ حکمرانانِ دانشگاهی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.

presenting a model for competencies of a university good governor: qualitative approach

abstractin the 21st century, knowledge production institutions, especially universities, have a heavy responsibility and to achieve the missions and functions that society expects from institutions, especially the university, they must be able to use their maximum power and capacity. one of the most important capacities that can be used in the university, which somehow overcomes others, is its managerial and governing capacity and competencies, and the president or governor of the university with the highest executive and scientific responsibility should by playing an excellent governing and managerial role, provided the ground for the realization of the missions and goals of the university. in the present study, to achieve this goal, the qualitative research method was used to provide a model of university good governor competencies. for this purpose, 23 professors and higher education experts who were aware of the subject and with a purposeful sampling strategy were selected and interviewed in a semi structured manner. thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the data. in order to evaluate the quality of the data, the validity (reliability) and reliability (reliability) of the findings were provided. after implementing the content of the interviews and analyzing them, seven main competencies (leadership managerial competence, organizational competence, professional technical competence, functional competence, individual personality competence, spiritual moral competence and value creating competence) were identified and discovered for the model of university good governor competencies. the seven main competencies of this qualitative study can be used as one of the appropriate models in the selection and appointment of university governors.introductionthe problems and challenges of the country’s universities have accelerated compared to before. globalization of university goals, widespread competition, inappropriate curricula, parallel work and re employment at the university, lack of attention to participatory management, excessive attention to evidence based and quantitative, lack of independence, meritocracy, transparency and accountability in the university, existence external interferences and pressures in the university, rent seeking and political work in the university and other issues are among these challenges. in such a spatial, the management system and governance of universities must be equipped with new management models and approaches to face the issues ahead. in order to fulfill this great mission, it is necessary for universities to have the necessary capability, independence, dynamism, flexibility and adaptability to the environment, responsibility, rule of law, transparency, accountability and legitimacy by using the model of good university governance. it is not possible to have a good university governor at the university.considering that after the researches and researches, there was no evidence of a comprehensive and appropriate model in the field of competencies of a good university governor, the present study seeks to answer the question: what is the appropriate model of competencies of a good university governor?case studysince universities and institutes of higher education in iran have weaknesses and harms in the field of university administration and governance. therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a favorable model for the competencies of a university good governor.theoretical frameworkthe term &good governance& was first used in 1979 by economist williamson in the economic literature and later in other scientific studies. good governance is synonymous with transparency, accountability, justice, participation and the promotion of equality before the law.researchers examine good governance from different perspectives. in this research, it has been addressed from a managerial perspective. in the managerial approach, management in the university is of special importance. because most people who take over the presidency of the university are not ready to govern and have a clear understanding of what the profession of university management and governance requires. in the us national survey, conducted between 1990 and 2000, only 3% of the 2,000 university leaders were trained and educated to hold a university management position. therefore, it must be said that the traditional model of management can not meet today’s conditions, so paying attention to the development of competencies and skills of a good university governor in the field of higher education is an undeniable necessity.methodologythe present research is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of data collection. the statistical population of this study included all higher education experts in iran who were interviewed in depth using 23 non probabilistic and purposeful sampling methods. in order to identify the competencies of a university good governor, semi structured interviews were used and for the analysis of qualitative data (interview texts), the thematic analysis technique (theme) was used. also, in order to evaluate the quality of the data, the validity (reliability) and reliability (reliability) of the findings were provided.findingsfindings showed that the model of good university governor competencies has 7 dimensions and 24 components including: leadership/managerial competencies dimension (scientific and skill management competencies, partnership and consensus oriented, self organization and organization), organizational competencies dimension (goal setting and mission orientation, legislation and legislature, decentralization and delegation, being a native of the university), specialized/technical competencies dimension (specialized and empirical authority and acceptance, technical and executive competencies), functional competencies dimension (efficient and effective, teamwork, model and coach academics), individual/personality competencies dimension (creative and entrepreneurial, cognitive ability, desire for agility/dynamism and progress, risk taking and competitive, communication and social skills, brave and independent), spiritual/moral competencies dimension (believer and committed to performance) governance is religious and moral, responsible and accountable, healthy and anti corruption) and then value creating competencies (meritocracy, professionalism).conclusionin this study, an attempt was made to identify and examine the competencies of a good university governor from the perspective of iranian higher education experts. given that designing a model of a good university governor is the first step in designing and explaining the system of selection and appointment of university governors and administrators. therefore, it is suggested that managers and officials of the higher education system consider the process of its implementation in universities and higher education institutions of the country.