مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری تاثیر هوش بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی با تاکید بر نظریه هوش‌های چندگانه گاردنر (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر هوش بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی با تاکید بر نظریه هوش های چندگانه گاردنر در دانشجویان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان اجرا گردیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کلیه دانشجویان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان به تعداد 300 نفر بوده و نمونه آماری به تعداد 169 نفر با روش سیستماتیک و با استفاده از جدول مورگان انتخاب گردیدند. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی می باشد. از پرسشنامه های هوش های چندگانه گاردنر و نیز ویژگی های شخصیتی کارآفرینی جهت گردآوری داده ها استفاده گردید. جهت تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه های تحقیق از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که با بدست آمدن ضرایب 956/0 و 958/0 به ترتیب برای پرسشنامه های هوش چندگانه و نیمرخ کارآفرینی، پایایی هر دو پرسشنامه مورد تایید قرار گرفت. به منظور تایید مدل تحقیق از مدل معادلات ساختاری و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای amos 20 و spss 20 استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که هوش بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی موثر است. همچنین همه انواع هوش های چندگانه بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی افراد مورد مطالعه تاثیر دارند.

Structural Equation Modeling of the Effect of Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Profile: Emphasizing Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory (Case study: Students of Art Faculty in University of Sistan and Baluchestan)

Extended abstract AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intelligence on entrepreneurship profile emphasizing on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory. The statistical population consisted of all 300 students in Art Faculty of Sistan and Baluchestan University and 169 students were selected as research sample by systematic method using Morgan table. This is an applied research. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and entrepreneurial characteristics questionnaires were used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha test was applied to determine the reliability of the questionnaires. The reliability of both questionnaires was greatly confirmed by the coefficients of 0.956 and 0.958 for multiple intelligence and entrepreneurship profile questionnaires, respectively. In order to confirm the research model, Structural Equation Modeling was used; research data were analyzed using AMOS 20 and SPSS 20. The results showed that intelligence had positive effect on entrepreneurship profile. Also, all types of Gardner’s intelligences had positive effect on entrepreneurship profiles of research sample.IntroductionToday’s world is changing rapidly and keeping pace with these changes requires employing creative and entrepreneurial individuals (Alizadeh Aghdam et al., 2016). Various studies have shown that many factors, most of them are in psychological issues, affect the improvement of people’s orientation to entrepreneurship.Recent evidences suggest that individuals’ intelligence and characteristics play an important role in their entrepreneurial origins (Hermann et al., 2007 quoted by Baharvand Gouran, 2018). The concept of intelligence has evolved and has transformed from a single into a multidimensional concept (Nadi Najaf Abadi et al., 2014). Intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and using symbols which is an abstract ability (Beheshti zadeh et al., 2016). Since &opportunity& is stated as a key element and concept in entrepreneurship, the ability to perceive, understand, and use it correctly (referring to the definition of intelligence) can be effective in the quality of entrepreneurial activities and behaviors.An entrepreneur is the center and core of the business and his characteristics drive the business to success (Lee, 2019). The underlying beliefs about entrepreneurial characteristics state that under equal conditions, those with these traits are more likely to become entrepreneurs than others (Mosleh Shirazi Sane’i, 2007).Changing needs and conditions of society have transformed universities’ mission from teaching to research and then entrepreneurship (Jahangiri et al., 2015); in most countries, addressing entrepreneurship and training students who have the skills and abilities needed to start a business is one of the main tasks of any university (Gilani nia Mosavian, 2011). Therefore, it seems necessary for the higher education system to adequately study and nurture the psychological characteristics associated with entrepreneurship as well as to plan and invest in this field. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of intelligence on entrepreneurial personality traits (entrepreneurship profile) among Art Faculty students in University of Sistan and Baluchestan.Case studyThe statistical population of the study consisted of 300 students of Art Faculty in University of Sistan and Baluchestan. 169 students were selected as research sample by systematic sampling method using Morgan table.Research MethodsData collection tools included two standard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Profile questionnaires. In Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence questionnaire, eight types of intelligences including linguisticverbal, logicalmathematical, spatialvisual, kineticphysical, musical, interpersonal (social), intrapersonal, and naturalist were measured by 80 questions. Four personality traits of entrepreneurs including internal locus of control, dreaming, challengetaking, and pragmatism were measured in the Entrepreneurship Profile questionnaire in the form of 38 questions. The mean value was calculated to determine the intelligence and entrepreneurship profile of individuals. The main hypothesis and research model were examined and tested based on Structural Equation Model using AMOS 20 software and Regression model was used for examining subsidiary hypothesis by AMOS 20 and SPSS 20 software.Discussion and ResultsBy calculating the mean value which was more than 3, research findings showed that the intelligence and entrepreneurship profile in the statistical population were in a good condition.Applying structural equation modeling as well as the values obtained from the indices showed goodness of fit of the model and a positive significant relationship between multiple intelligence and entrepreneurial profile. This confirmed the main hypothesis of the study.Also, the calculated regression coefficients for all types of intelligence and entrepreneurial profile confirmed positive effect of all types of multiple intelligences on entrepreneurial profile. Therefore, the subsidiary hypothesis of the research was also confirmed.ConclusionBased on the results, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial personality traits in individuals can be increased by reinforcing different types of multiple intelligences in the statistical population of this study and other similar societies such as educational spaces, especially universities. Considering the importance and positive impacts of entrepreneurship on different social, cultural, and economic aspects of societies stated in research literature of the present study, referring to researchers and experts in different fields of science will be effective in reinforcing this concept. This reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of entrepreneurship. The results of this study suggest that one way to expand entrepreneurship and enhance entrepreneurship personality traits, i.e. entrepreneurship profile, in individuals is to pay attention to the intelligence of individuals (relying on Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory) and to reinforce it. This will not be possible unless to utilize specialists in this field. The results of this study highlight the necessity of coherence between different fields of education as well as the collaboration of lecturers and researchers in different fields of science.