سنجش طرح تفصیلی منطقه ده تهران با استفاده از روش ارزیابی اثرات سلامت

امروزه رشد نرخ شهرنشینی در جهان نه‌تنها مسائلی نظیر تخریب محیط‌زیست، ناکارآمدی بافت‌های شهری و معضلات ترافیکی را به همراه آورده، بلکه بر سلامت ساکنان شهری نیز تاثیری سوء گذاشته است. درواقع سلامتی شهروندان به‌شدت تحت تاثیر برنامه‌ها و پروژه‌های شهری نظیر مسکن، نوسازی شهری و سیستم حمل‌ونقل قرارگرفته و در معرض تهدید می‌باشد. از طرفی برنامه‌های توسعه شهری که در قالب طرح‌ها اجرا می‌گردند از مهم‌ترین ابزار برنامه‌ریزان در راستای مداخله در امور شهر به شمار می‌آیند که توجه به آن‌ها می‌تواند در زمینه افزایش سلامت شهروندان مناسب باشد. جهت ارزیابی طرح‌ها از روش‌های مختلفی استفاده می‌شود. روش ارزیابی اثرات سلامت (hia)، با شناسایی ارتباط بین عوامل برنامه‌ریزی شهری و سلامت، میزان تاثیر یک برنامه شهری را بر سلامت شهروندان می‌سنجد و قبل از اجرایی شدن یک طرح آثار آن را بر سلامت شهروندان نشان دهد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق به‌طورکلی شناسایی سلامت در برنامه‌ریزی شهری و به‌طور خاص ارزیابی طرح تفصیلی منطقه ده شهر تهران با روش ارزیابی اثرات سلامت می‌باشد. در مورد روش انجام این پژوهش که از نوع کاربردی است باید گفت که با توجه به مشکلات منطقه ده تهران نظیر ناکارآمدی بافت شهری و مشکلات محیط زیستی و ترافیکی و همچنین در توجه به مبانی نظری، متغیرهای سنجش پژوهش استخراج گردید و سپس به ارزیابی طرح تفصیلی آن با روش ارزیابی اثر سلامت پرداخته شد که در بطن این ارزیابی، ابزارهای مطالعه اسنادی و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته که از نرم‌افزار expert choice استفاده می‌کند وجود داشت. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که هشت معیار در چهار مولفه حمل‌ونقل و دسترسی پایدار، اقتصاد پایدار و همه‌شمولی اجتماعی بیشترین تاثیر بر سلامت را دارند. در پایان نیز با ارزیابی طرح تفصیلی منطقه ده به روش آمیخته پژوهشی مشخص شد که معیارهای کیفیت محیط سکونت (با امتیاز 0.271)، دسترسی به خدمات عمومی (0.165) و بهینگی اندازه مسکن (0.143) دارای بیشترین تاثیر منفی بر سلامت شهروندان این منطقه هستند و ضروری است که جهت بهبود وضعیت سلامتی شهروندان منطقه ده شهر تهران توجه اساسی‌تری به مسائل کیفیت محیط سکونت، دسترسی به خدمات عمومی و بهینگی اندازه مسکن در طرح تفصیلی این منطقه صورت گیرد.

assessment of detailed plan region 10 of tehran using the health impact assessment method

today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, inefficiency of urban structures and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. citizens’ health is severely affected and threatened by urban programs and projects such as housing, urban renewal, and the transportation system. on the other hand, urban development programs that are implemented in the form of plans are one of the most important tools of planners in order to intervene in the affairs of the city, and paying attention to them can be appropriate in increasing the health of citizens. different methods are used to evaluate the designs. the health impact assessment (hia) method, by identifying the relationship between urban planning factors and health, measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens’ health. the purpose of this study is to identify health in general in urban planning and in particular to evaluate the detailed plan of the ten districts of tehran with the method of assessing health effects. regarding the method of conducting this research, which is of an applied type, the research evaluation variables were extracted and then its detailed design was evaluated with the method of health impact assessment. there was. findings showed that eight criteria in the four components of transportation and sustainable access, sustainable economy and social inclusion have the greatest impact on health. finally, by evaluating the detailed plan of region ten by mixed research method, it was found that the criteria of quality of living environment (with a score of 0.271), access to public services (0.165) and optimality of housing size (0.143) have the most negative impact on health of citizens in this region. and in order to improve the health status of the citizens of ten district of tehran, it is necessary to pay more basic attention to the issues of quality of housing environment, access to public services and optimization of housing size in the detailed plan of this district.extended abstract  introduction today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, tissue inefficiency and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. in fact, the city as a whole and its social and political issues have shown their connection with the components of the city, i.e. its inhabitants and in this regard, new responsibilities of city planners have been revealed, which should pay attention to all the needs of city residents, including their physical and mental health. on the other hand, urban development programs are one of the main tools of urban planners for the development of human societies. through the development programs that are applied to the whole city, the effects on the citizens will be put, which can endanger the health of the citizens. assessment of which can determine their effects in different ways. methodologythe health impact assessment (hia) method measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens’ health by identifying the relationship between urban planning and health factors. in this study, considering the problems of tehran’s district 10, such as tissue inefficiency and environmental and traffic problems, its detailed design was assessed using the health impact assessment method. in this applied research, after identifying the necessity of the problem, the research literature was compiled based on the method of assessing health effects. then the proposed criteria and indicators were evaluated. in order to collect research information and data, the method of library / documentary studies (secondary data) and semi structured interviews have been used. therefore, health effects were assessed for detailed plan region 10 of tehran. techniques used in the health impact assessment process include steps: screening, delineation, impact assessment, review, and transcendental. in the screening and delineation phase using selected indicators as well as available reports and documents, in addition to a thorough knowledge of the study area, the need and obligation to use a health impact assessment method in research is revealed. in the impact assessment phase, in order to assess the situation in region 10, after determining the indicators affecting health, each of the indicators of the study area is statistically and spatially analyzed and a comprehensive database of indicators is prepared. in order to analyze the information, according to the objectives and nature of the research, in which the application of spatial analysis is also obvious, and determining the weight of the importance of the indicators relative to each other and their combined evaluation, form the indicators. finally, the effects of the formed process are reviewed for general analysis. results and discussionin order to evaluate the program or in other words, the level of response of the detailed plan to the issue of health, the evaluation checklist was compiled in two parts of the theoretical and executive evaluation of the program. the response rate of each item to the selected criteria and indicators scores from zero to four. then, the score obtained in the weight and the effectiveness of each of the selected indicators and criteria, which is multiplied by the delphi method from urban planning experts as well as health department experts in expert choice software, will be the final score of each component in the selected criterion. as mentioned in the introduction of the detailed plan of the region, the plan has proposed a set of goals, strategies and executive strategies that can be assessed to assess the health effects of the program due to or not paying attention to the selected criteria in the stage. before extracting was paid. according to the table provided, the final score of the strategies in the detailed plan of region 10 is equal to 0.532 in the component of housing and living environment, which has the greatest impact. examining the consequences of health determinants in the region shows that the most criterion (urban planning factors) affecting the health of residents in the region is the quality of the living environment. this is also confirmed by the evidence in district ten, as district ten is one of the most inefficient areas of the urban fabric and there are many polluting workshops and uses in this area;