طراحی و آزمون الگوی مناسب مسکن اجتماعی؛ مبتنی بر نظریهحق به شهر (مطالعه موردی شهر شیراز)

ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﺮﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺸﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد، اﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮای رﺷﺪ اﻧﺴﺎن از اﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و روﺣﯽ-رواﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﭘﺲ از آﻧﮑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮای ﭘﻮﺷﺶ را ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮی ﻧﯿﺎز وی ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ارزش ﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻃﺮاف ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز ﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﻨﺪ.ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮای اﻗﺸﺎر ﮐﻢ درآﻣﺪ ﺟﺰو ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪای ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﺗﻼشﻫﺎی دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮای اﻗﺸﺎر ﮐﻢ درآﻣﺪ در اﯾﺮان در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮودﺳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ از ﻋﻮاﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ از ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﯽﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﺎﻧﺪهاﻧﺪ.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ را در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺣﻖ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻢ درآﻣﺪ و ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﻤّﯽ و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ.ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز اﺳﺖ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده 182 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮﺳﺸﮕﺮی ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار amos اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی، ﺣﻖ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻓﻀﺎ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ، ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی، ﺷﻤﻮل اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/478 و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺷﻤﻮل اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/491و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/543 ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ.

designing and testing an appropriate model; social housing based on the right approach to the city (case study of shiraz)

housing is one of the most basic human needs, but it should not be considered only physically and as a shelter for human beings. this need is a place for human growth in physical and mental dimensions, so housing after the human need for cover he replied that he should meet his need for the growth and excellence of human values and establish effective communication with the community around him, and in the field of social interactions, meet the needs of residents. the development of the housing sector is considered in every society, and since the nineteenth century, the housing sector has been one of the major axes of government intervention in the economy. the origin of such thinking is the theory of right to the city , which was born from the protest movements and was first used by the french sociologist henri lefort in 1968 and is believed to consider cities as a social structure. despite the efforts made in recent decades to achieve such a goal, policies such as mehr housing have been implemented in iran, but it has not been able to provide affordable housing for the low income groups. based on the city of shiraz as a study sample, he tried to test the key aspects of social housing with the right approach to the city in a conceptual and experimental way. some of them have been interviewed. the research method is quantitative and data collection tools have been done through a questionnaire and based on structural equation analysis model and through amos software. the results of the research indicate that the right to urban participation is the right. space allocation, spatial access, urban governance, social inclusion, diversity and vitality are the main components of the model. he is suitable for social housing with the right approach to the city that the component of urban governance with a rate of 0.478, the component of social inclusion with a rate of 0.491 and the component of diversity and vitality with a rate of 0.543 affect social housing.