ارائه الگوی بهینه چیدمان مجتمع های مسکونی با تاکید بر کاهش پدیدۀ جزیرۀ گرمایی (نمونۀ موردی: مجتمع های مسکونی میان مرتبۀ شهر شیراز)

در ﻧﯿﻢ ﻗﺮن اﺧﯿﺮ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ رواج ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎی ﻫﻮای ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. از آنﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮم ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ را اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﭘﺪﯾﺪه‌ ﺟﺰﯾﺮه‌ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎی اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﺎنﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ، ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اراﺋﻪ ﻓﺮم ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮم ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﺑﺎز ﺷﻬﺮی دارد، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ دو راﻫﺒﺮد اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻧﺴﺨﻪ envi-met 4 basic از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺶ اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻓﺮم در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو دادهﻫﺎی دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 12 ﻇﻬﺮ 1ﺗﯿﺮ ﻣﺎه 1397 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻧﻘﻼب ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ، دﻣﺎی ﻫﻮا، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد و دﻣﺎی ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﯽ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻼنﻫﺎی ﺧﻄﯽ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪای ﻣﻨﻈﻢ در 3 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر دﻣﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﭘﻼنﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺗﮏ ﻋﻨﺼﺮی و ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮی دارای رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و در رده‌ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮم ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪای ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ در دﻣﺎی ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻼن ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺗﮏ ﻋﻨﺼﺮه اﺳﺖ.

presenting the optimal pattern of residential complexes with an emphasis on reducing heat island (case example: mid-rise residential complexes in shiraz city)

in recent years, with the increase in the population of cities, urban construction has also increased and as a result, a variety of industrial activities have been developed in them. this has led to the formation of phenomena known as climate wisdom in cities, which has become a major issue in science today. since the shapeof the organization of spaces in urban blocks plays a significant role in shaping this, so the present study examines the impact of the shape and shape of residential buildings as the most important constituent components of urban blocks. the issue concerns the formation of thermal islands. this study aims to achieve thermal comfort and reduce the effects of heat island phenomena in the space created by mid-rise residential complexes in order to provide the optimum form of residential complexes for shiraz. in this regard, the research method used in this article is applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, quantitative research method is used. therefore, the research is based on two logical reasoning strategiesin one hand for analyzing library resources is used and on the other hand quantitative measurement is done by using basic form of envi-met 4 software. this study has analyzed and compared six different organization in the shiraz. hence the temperature data of 12 noon 1 july 1397 has been used as the basis for the summer revolution. the results show that the best condition at the average radiant temperature belongs to the single element central plan.