جستاری در دین‌شناسی عرفانی ملاصدرا

در این جُستار مولفه های دین شناسی صدرالدین محمد شیرازی معروف به ملاصدرا (1050ق) در ذیل سه مبحث خودشناسی، مفهوم سفر و نظریه وحدت ادیان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. خودشناسی با فهم تجرد نفس مرتبط است یک از برترین نتایج آن خداشناسی است. اصطلاح سفر به معنای سلوک به سوی خدا، با حقیقت دینداری پیوندی عمیق دارد تا آنجا که وی در تعریف دین سلوک به سوی وجود حقیقی را مطرح می کند که در طی آن سالک از خود مجازی به خود حقیقی سفر می کند. بدین ترتیب کمال انسان با اکمال دین از جهت وصول به ولایت و مقام احسان نسبتی مستقیم دارد. همچنین در این پژوهش به نظریه وحدت ادیان در آثار ملاصدرا به عنوان نظریه ای عرفانی نگریسته شده است. مطابق این نظریه که از وحدت وجود منتج می شود، مردم بر هر دین و آیینی که باشند تنها حق را می پرستند و در قیامت حق تعالی برای همگان حتی مشرکان، در صورت معهودشان تجلی خواهد کرد.

A survey on mulla sadras mystical study of religion

The relationship of mankind with truth and his scope of knowledge to God has always grabbed minds of the mystic scholars. In this way, there are different types of approach to the epistemological field and the extent of the scope of the envelopment and recognition of human being toward God.Undoubtedly, Sanai's approach to the relationship between man and truth is important because he has a versed in law and mystical school of though and he has created a deep link between the principles of religion and mysticism.In order to achieve this position, he introduces the tool and mechanism that is based on the three principles of reason (argument), love (mysticism) and quote(Quran).According to him, the alignment and unity of these three epistemic instruments pave the way for the humankind to know truth. He believes that reason is the first necessary tool in this way. But Sanai's praised reason does not have the necessary function due to the inherent limitations of its function and because of the lack of enumeration of the essence of the truth is imperfect and sterile; therefore, the Sanai prefers the love (mysticism) in the recognition of truth.The function of love in his epistemological field is to provide a platform for a higher understanding and elevation of the epistemic level of the seeker. His third epistemic tool is the Qur'an. In his school of thought, seeking for the Qur'an to achieve certainty of heart and faith is necessary but in order to understand its true meaning, the human heart should be free from temptations and desires.From Sanai's point of view, recourse mysticism and esoteric intuition is the basis of the seeker to attain this level of existence.In this research, the analyticdescriptive method of the Sanayi epistemic triangle based on these three pillars has been examined and it is concluded that he considers these three most important and most effective factors in recognizing the truth and he believes in their convergence and coexistence to achieve a true selfknowledge and real cognition.