بررسی تاثیر یارانه انرژی بر قدرت بازار صنعت ایران

پرداخت یارانه انرژی در ایران، با توجه به وجود ذخایر نفت و گاز و سیاست‌های تثبیت قیمت حامل‌های انرژی، حائز اهمیت و ازآنجایی‌که یارانه انرژی در اقتصاد دارای پیامدهای مثبت و منفی است، بررسی آثار آن به اتخاذ سیاست‌های مناسب کمک می‌کند. موضوع این مطالعه بررسی میزان تاثیرگذاری یارانه‌ی انرژی بر قدرت بازار است. در این راستا با استفاده از مدل یو و وانگ و روش پانل دیتا، برای سال‌های 1381-1398 در سطح کدهای چهار رقمی ایسیک صنایع، ابتدا متغیرهای موردنیاز نظیر موجودی سرمایه، شاخص لرنر، شاخص هرفیندال، بهره‌وری عوامل تولید و یارانه انرژی محاسبه و برآورد شد. موجودی سرمایه از روش نمایی و رابطه کلاین برای 122 کد چهاررقمیisic  در دوره 1381-1398 محاسبه و سپس شاخص لرنر از روش تابع تولید ترانسلوگ و با استفاده از رویکرد ساختاری برآورد شد. برای متغیر شاخص هرفیندال از اطلاعات مرکز آمار برای بنگاه‌های 10 کارکن به بالای کشور و برای محاسبه بهره‌وری عوامل تولید از شاخص ترنکویست استفاده‌شده است.  نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، که رابطه بین یارانه انرژی و شاخص لرنر (قدرت بازار) منفی و رابطه بین بهره‌وری عوامل تولید، سرانه موجودی سرمایه، هزینه جبران خدمات و شاخص هرفیندال باقدرت بازار مثبت است.

investigating the impact of energy subsidies on the market power of iran’s industry

purpose: iran has the second largest gas reserves in the world, after russia, and the fourth oil reserves in the world, after venezuela, saudi arabia, and canada, and it is possible for the country to access energy for households and the economic activities (energy balance sheet, 2019). price stabilization policies have always been applied, which has caused the government to spend a huge annual subsidy on energy consumption in different sectors of iran; in 2021, according to the report of the international energy agency of iran, it would amount to 58 billion dollars (that of the world is 531 billion dollars). it has paid subsidies to all types of energy carriers, which ranks iran second after russia in terms of the share of subsidies in the world’s total energy subsidies (11%). the rate of iran’s energy consumption was on the rise during the years 2011-2012, and this indicator was higher in the industry sector than in the whole economy. from 2011 to 2012, the energy coefficient for the whole economy was 2.3 and for the industry sector was 1.7. this was less than one for advanced countries. therefore, in total, this volume of subsidies and energy consumption in the economy and especially the industry sector has led to development. it has not been economical and the efficiency of energy use decreases in iran every year. subsidies affect macroeconomic and social variables such as inflation, budget deficit, market power, business environment, and class gap. due to its high volume, examining the economic and social effects of subsidies is of great importance. since it is not possible to refer to all its dimensions in one study, this article only aims at the effect of energy subsidies on market power in the industrial sector. the impact of subsidies on market power may lead to a positive or negative correlation between subsidies and market power, and there are different views on this issue. some believe that subsidies increase market power because subsidies provide companies with more finance or lead to cost reduction, so there is a positive relationship between subsidy and market power. to estimate the subsidy impact, panel data models were used. the study period is 2002-2019 at the level of four-digit isic codes of industries with 10 workers and more. the current research seeks to answer the following key questions: do energy subsidies have a positive or negative effect on the market power of the country’s industries? what is the impact of energy subsidies on the country’s industries?methodology: external resources (i.e. government subsidies) increase access to internal resources. in this case, a firm can protect itself from uncertainty and adverse environmental risks or reduce financial barriers, thus creating an advantage. it improves the performance of the company. in this regard, the first hypothesis is ‘government subsidies have a positive relationship with company performance’.