بررسی تطبیقی نقش اجرای طرح کاداستر در پیشگیری از زمین خواری در حکمرانی حقوقی اجرایی ایران و انگلیس

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪای داﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاری ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ در ارﺗﮑﺎب زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاری ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و اﻣﺮوزه زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاران از روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻨﻮع و ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﺧﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﮐﺴﺐ ﺛﺮوت ﺑﺎدآورده و ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ و ﺑﺪون ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ زﺣﻤﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن واﺟﺪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری اﺳﺖ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ و اﺳﺎﺳﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ و راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ((ﺣﺪﻧﮕﺎری)) و ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎداﺳﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ آﻏﺎز ﮔﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮی از اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ اﻣﻼک و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﺧﻮد در ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻣﻮال و ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ از اﯾﻦ رو در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮی از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺘﻮن ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه در ﭘﯽ ﻧﯿﻞ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال ﺑﻮدهاﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎداﺳﺘﺮ در ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان و اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﭼﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاری داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮔﻮﯾﺎی اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ دوﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان و اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ راهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاری ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی وﺿﻌﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﺮی ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎداﺳﺘﺮ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺛﺒﺖ اﺳﻨﺎدو اﻣﻼک ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺟﺮای اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح در واﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻈﻢ و ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎدی از وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاری ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

A comparative study of the role of the implementation of the cadastral plan in the prevention of land grabbing in the Iranian and British legal systems

Land grabbing is one of the economic crimes that has grown significantly in recent years. One of the major legal, social and economic problems is the lack of a clear definition of this criminal phenomenon. Various factors and elements are effective in committing land grabbing, and today land grabbers use various methods to achieve their goals, which is to acquire windfall and huge wealth without any hassle. Issues and challenges related to the optimal use of land resources and management around the world are of great importance, the growing population and the growing need for land and land resources require more control and attention. One of the most important and basic strategies for controlling and managing the use is the use of cadastre or cadastre that developed countries have begun to use this system in organizing their property and preventive measures in the field of crimes against property and ownership. Therefore, in the present article, which has been done by descriptiveanalytical method and using library sources and texts, we have sought to answer the question what role the implementation of the cadastral plan in the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom plays in preventing landrelated crimes. Has he eaten? The research findings show that in both legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom, one of the best and most important ways to prevent land grabbing is a kind of noncriminal situation prevention.