واکاوی علل توسعه نیافتگی سیاسی کشورهای مسلمان درگیر پدیده تروریسم در خاورمیانه

ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی درﮔﯿﺮ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺖ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﮐﻢ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ در ﺑﺮوز ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﺘﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪای ﺟﺬاب ﺑﺮای اﻓﺮاد آن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ﻋﺪم ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻔﺎی ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؟ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪای ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻃﺮح ﺷﺪه اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﮐﺸﯿﺪن ﻧﻈﻢ و ﺛﺒﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در داﺧﻞ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﺪرت و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ را دﭼﺎر ﺗﻮﻗﻒ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮی ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺳﺎﻣﻮﺋﻞ ﻫﺎﻧﺘﻨﮕﺘﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺮح در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮی ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ، ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮای دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﯾﺎ اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﺟﻨﮓ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻗﻪای را ﺑﻪ راه اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﻓﻀﺎی ﺟﻨﮓ و ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﻪ و ﺗﻨﺶ و درﮔﯿﺮی داﺧﻠﯽ، ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی درﮔﯿﺮ را ﺻﺮف ﻣﺒﺎرزه و ﻧﺒﺮد ﺑﺮای آن ﮐﺮده و ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﺑﺴﯿﺞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﻘﺮ، ﺑﯿﮑﺎری، ﺗﻮرم، ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ، اﻗﺘﺪارﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ را ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Analyze the causes of the political underdevelopment of Muslim countries involved in the phenomenon of terrorism in the Middle East(Case study: Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria)

The low level of political development of Muslim countries involved in the phenomenon of terrorism in the Middle East region means the illegitimacy of the ruling regimes and the reduction of popular political participation with public dissatisfaction.Which has a great impact on the occurrence of political violence and makes terrorist activities an attractive option for the people of that society. The main purpose of this study, while examining the underlying causes of political underdevelopment of Muslim countries in the Middle East, is to analyze the role of terrorism as one of the most important components of underdevelopment in these countries. The present article is methodical, descriptive and analytical and based on the model of the theories of thinkers such as: Samuel Huntington and Lucien Pai as two thinkers in the discussion of the development of countries has been used in combination as a theoretical framework. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the diverse and multiethnic structure, religious and mosaic nature of these societies and incomplete and artificial nationbuilding are important and influential factors in the formation and development of terrorism and terrorism with Creating effective infrastructural challenges and barriers complicates the process of political development in the Muslim countries of the Middle East. Political development is a fundamental change in the political beliefs of individuals and institutions of these countries, the presuppositions of which are changes in culture, economy and society. Changes in the mentioned areas become a factor for changing or consolidating the political area.