نویافته های کاوش باستان‌شناسی نجات شهری در منطقه مولوی تهران در دوران پیش‌ازتاریخ (ترانشه i)

در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﺳﺎل 1393 ه. ش، ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮔﺬاری ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان، دادهﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ .در ﭘﯽ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ آﺛﺎر و ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺳﻔﺎﻟﯽ، ﻓﻠﺰی، و آﺟﺮی ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ، ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮیﻫﺎی اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه، ﮐﺎوش ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﺠﺎت ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎز ﮐﺮدن ﺷﺶ ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ آﻏﺎز ﮔﺸﺖ. از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺶ ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ، دو ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ i و vi ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻮع آﺛﺎر ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از آنﻫﺎ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﺴﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰاره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ پ.م ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از آن، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اواﺧﺮ دوران ﻧﻮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. درواﻗﻊ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﺮای ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎی ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺲﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻪﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﮐﺎوشﻫﺎی ﻧﺠﺎت ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻮی ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﮔﺬاری ﻣﻄﻠﻖ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺶازﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه دوران ﻣﺲﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان را در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻓﻼت ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﻗﺮار داد. ﻣﺪارک ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ i ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻔﺎلﻫﺎی ﻧﻮع ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻋﻠﯽ، ﺗﮑﻪﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﮕﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﯿﻐﻪ، رﯾﺰ ﺗﯿﻐﻪ و ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺎدر ﻓﺸﻨﮕﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮد در دﺷﺖ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﯽﻧﻈﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺎزه ﺣﺮارت دﯾﺪه«ﺑﻪاﺣﺘﻤﺎل زﯾﺎد اﺟﺎق» و ﺗﺪﻓﯿﻦ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻔﺖﻫﺰارﺳﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪی از ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖﮔﺎهﻫﺎی اواﯾﻞ دوران ﻣﺲﺳﻨﮕﯽ را ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻮی ﺗﻬﺮان را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﺷﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ، ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪی ﺑﺮ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪای ﭼﻨﺪ دورهای از اواﺧﺮ ﻫﺰاره ﺷﺸﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺰاره اول ق. م در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺮاﻧﺸﻪ i ﻣﻮردﺑﺤﺚ و اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

New Findings of prehistoric Evidence from a Rescue / Urban Archaeological Excavation in the Region of Molavi, City of Tehran

In autumn 2014, sewer construction works in one of the busiest parts of Tehran yielded Islamic pottery sherds from the Safavid to Qajar periods. Following a visit by archaeologists from the Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research, one of the authors (MEEJ) was appointed as the director of salvage excavations at archaeologically sensitive locations along the sewer line that had provided evidence such as potsherds, glass fragments, metal pieces and bricks. We opened six small trenches along the line of sewer construction, of which, Trenches I and VI proved to be more important the others due to the finds they yielded. These find, based on comparable specimens, can be dated to the fifth millennium BC or even earlier, Late Neolithic. In fact, Tehran for its favorable environmental conditions is one of the best areas to host Chalcolithic sites. The results of Moulavi excavations provided significant information about the prehistoric cultures of the Iranian Central Plateau, especially Chalcolithic cultures. The archaeological finds of the Trench I include potsherds of Cheshmeh Ali culture, animal bones, lithics such as blades, bladelets and bulletshaped core, a possible hearth and a human burial; all these finds indicate sporadic settlement of the early Chalcolithic period in the Tehran Plain. The results of analyzed specimens from this trench confirm the existence of an occupation from the sixth to the first millennium at this spot. In this paper we describe and discuss the results of Trench I.