تاثیر تنش کم آبی، متانول و اسید هیومیک بر صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب کاسنی

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﻨﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮک ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ در ﺳﺎل 1394 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آﺑﯿﺎری در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 70، 140 و 210 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل در دو ﺳﻄﺢ (ﺻﻔﺮ و 21 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ) و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ دو ﺳﻄﺢ (ﺻﻔﺮ و 10 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪ ای، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ و ﮐﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی (ﺑﻪاﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ) و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت (ﺑﻪاﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب رﯾﺸﻪ) اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﺼﺮف اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت (ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎی ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ) ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 710/7 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 70 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺎﺳﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/94 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 140 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 140 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮای دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﮐﺎﺳﻨﯽ و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد آب در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The Effect of Irrigation, Methanol and Humic Acid on Physiological Traits, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Chicory

In order to study the effect of methanol and humic acid on physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency in plant of chicory under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch in year of 2015. Irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 70, 140 and 210 mm cumulative evaporation from the evaporation pan) as the main factor and methanol spray at two levels (zero and 21 percentage volume) and humic acid with two levels (zero and 10 L ha1 ) were as sub factors. The studied traits were chlorophyll meter, stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, dry yields of root, stem and leaf dry, dry yield of total, root to stem and leaf ratio, water use efficiency of root, stem and leaf and total. The results showed that water deficit stress reduced all physiological and yield traits (except root to stem and leaf ratio) and increased water use efficiency. Application of methanol increased all of the traits (except yield and water use efficiency of root). Application of 10 L ha1 humic acid increased all the traits (except for the ratio of root to air organs). In general, based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 140 mm evaporation from the pan and spraying methanol with 21 percentage volume and humic acid at 10 liters per hectare can be used to achieve yield acceptable for the Chicory plant in the Birjand region.