assessment the effect of ficus carica leaf extract on b16f10 melanomacancer cells: the roles of p53, caspase-3 & caspase-9 on induction ofintrinsic apoptosis cascade

Background: melanoma is the most serious kind of skin cancer which has significantly increased in recent decades, and the importance of its primary treatment is increased widely. ficus carica leaves have various therapeutic impact such as anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity.objectives: hence, regarding the f. carica effect on the treatment of various diseases, the present research was conducted to identifythe effect of methanolic extract of f. carica leaf on apoptosis induction in b16f10 melanoma cancer cells.methods: cell survival was estimated by mtt assay after treatment of b16f10 cells in various concentrations of f. carica leaf extract(150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 µg /ml) for 24 and 48 h. cell apoptosis was analysed by ao/pi and dapi staining, annexinv/propidium iodide flow cytometry. moreover, real-time pcr was utilized to evaluate the expression of apoptotic genes includingp53, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes.results: mtt assay results indicated that methanolic extract of f. carica leaf prevented the proliferation of b16f10 cells in a dose andtime dependent manner. ao/pi staining results showed an elevation in apoptotic cells in treated groups and dapi indicated that f.carica extract resulted in chromatin condensation and fragmentation. annexin v revealed the increasing percentage of apoptoticcells after treatment. in addition, the up-regulation of apoptotic genes confirmed the apoptosis inducing potential of f. carica leavesin b16f10 cells by real-time pcr.conclusions: thus, methanolic extract of f. carica leaves could be suggested as an effective anti-cancer agent for further studies onmelanoma cancer.