acrylamide induced oxidative cellular senescence in embryonic fibroblast cell line (nih 3t3): a protection by carvacrol

Background: stress-induced cellular senescence is a perpetual state of cell cycle arrest occurring in proliferating cells in response to stressful conditions. it is believed that oxidative stress plays a unique role in this process. as a reactive chemical compound that can induce oxidative stress, acrylamide is widely applied in several fields. carvacrol is a liquid phenolic monoterpenoid found in essential oils of some plants and is known for its anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. objectives: the current study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvacrol on oxidative stress and cellular senescence induced by acrylamide in the nih 3t3 cell line. methods: nih 3t3 embryonic fibroblast cells were exposed to different concentrations of acrylamide, carvacrol, and h2o2 in a cell culture medium. the level of β-galactosidase (sa-βgal) activity, as a marker of cellular senescence, was measured using staining and quanti-tative assays. furthermore, to measure oxidative stress parameters, the content of glutathione and lipid peroxidation were determined. results: acrylamide could induce premature senescence evident by the elevated lipid peroxidation and sa-β-gal activity and declined cell viability and glutathione. moreover, carvacrol showed beneficial effects on both acrylamide- and h2o2 induced cellular senescence by significantly reversing or subsiding the effect of oxidative stress and mediating its consequences. conclusions: it can be concluded that carvacrol has protective effects against oxidative cellular senescence induced by acrylamide in the nih 3t3 cell line.