اثرات کاربرد کود زیستی و نانوکود پتاسیم بر عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیکی کینوا (chenopodium quinoa willd) تحت تنش خشکی

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سیاهدانه، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلو ک هایکامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و1398 اجرا شد. در این آزمایش چهار تاریخ کاشت ( 15 مهر، 15 - منابع طبیعی گلستان در دو سال زراعی 1400 120 و 160 بوته در متر ،80 ، آبان، 15 آذر و 15 دی ) به عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم کاشت در چهار سطح (40 مربع) به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد تاخیر در کاشت اثر معنی داری بر عملکرد و اجزای آن داشت به طوری کهسبب کاهش معنی دار عملکرد دانه، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول و وزن هزاردانه 32 و 22 درصد گردید. همچنین صفات فوق با افزایش تراکم از 40 به 120 بوته در مترمربع ، به ترتیب 64،40روند افزایشی داشتند، ولی افزایش بیشتر تراکم از 120 به 160 بوته در مترمربع،کاهش این صفات به غیر از ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد زیست توده را در پی داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ( 1455 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تاریخ کاشت 15 آبان و تراکم 120 بوته در متر مربع حاصل شد که با تراکم 80 بوته در مترمربع به علت بالا بودن قدرت جبرانی سیاهدانه تفاوت معنی داری نداشتند. نتایج ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی مثبت داشت. به طورکلی نتایج (r=0/ و تعداد فولیکول در بوته ) 94 r=0/ و معنی داری را با تعداد شاخه جانبی ( 89 دو ساله آزمایش نشان داد به منظور رسیدن به عملکرد اقتصادی مطلوب در زراعت سیاهدانهدر منطقه گرگان، کشت زود هنگام ( ترجیحا اواسط آبان) و تراکم 80 بوته در مترمربع را می توان توصیه نمود.

effects of application of biofertilizer and potassium nanofertilizer on yield and physiological traits of quinua (chenopodium quinoawilld)

quinoa, with the scientific name chenopodium quinoa willd, is an annual plant from the chenopodiaceae family and has a similar appearance and affinity to lamb’s quarters (sepahvand et al., 2009). quinoa has the ability to adapt to different environments and climates. this plant has a high resistance to drought, poor soils and high salinity and can play an important role in eliminating hunger, malnutrition and poverty, for this reason the united nations named 2013 as the year of quinoa (fao, 2013).materials and methodsin order to investigate the effect of drought stress, biofertilizer and potassium nanofertilizer on yield and physiological traits of quinoa, a split-factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 and 2019 at tehran province. the studied factors included drought stress (control, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 mpa) as the main factor and two biofertilizer factors (a combination of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhiza fungi (non-application, 1%, 2% and 3%) and potassium nanofertilizer (non-application and application) as sub-factors. variance analysis of the data obtained from the measurement of traits was done using sas software (version 9.1) and the comparison of the means was done by the lsd method at a probability level of 5%.results discussionthe results showed that under normal irrigation conditions with the application of 3% biofertilizer, the greatest amount of biological yield and grain (8926 and 2809 kgha-1, respectively) was obtained, which was only different with no application of biofertilizer at this level of stress. the greatest amount of proline (0.526 mgg-1 fresh weight) and the least (0.256 mgg-1 fresh weight) were obtained under severe drought stress and lack of application of biofertilizer and normal irrigation condition and the application of 3% biofertilizer, respectively. the mean comparison of the triple interaction effect of drought stress in biofertilizer and potassium nanofertilizer showed that the highest amount of seed protein obtained in severe stress conditions, the use of two percent biofertilizer and the use of potassium nanofertilizer (19.9%) and the lowest one obtained in normal irrigation conditions non-use of biological fertilizer and non-use of potassium nanofertilizer (0.13%) were obtained.the highest amount of seed oil achieved in normal irrigation conditions, the application of 3% biofertilizer and potassium nanofertilizer application (31.7%) and the lowest one was obtained in severe stress conditions, non-use of biological fertilizer and non-use of potassium nano fertilizer (5.27%) conclusionrelative water content had the highest value in normal irrigation conditions, application of 3% biofertilizer and application of potassium nanofertilizer. the highest amount of chlorophyll a and b in aerial parts was obtained under normal irrigation conditions, application of 3% biofertilizer and application of potassium nanofertilizer. the use of biofertilizers and nano-potassium fertilizer improved the amount of protein and seed oil. therefore, the application of biofertilizer and potassium nanofertilizer improved the growth of quinoa under drought stress.