اثر محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن و منگنز روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم (triticum aestivum l.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

به منظور بررسی اثر محلو‌ل‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن و منگنز روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم تحت شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به صورت کرت‌های خردشده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با فاکتور تنش آبی در گیاه گندم رقم آذر 2 در کرت اصلی و فاکتور کودهای نانو کلات آهن و منگنز به همراه کود میکرو کلات آهن و منگنز در کرت فرعی و در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 94-93 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس اجرا گردید. نتایج شان داد که برهمکنش تنش خشکی و کود نانو در سطح احتمال یک درصد، عملکرد دانه، تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک سنبله، سطح برگ و را تحت تاثیر قرار دادند. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تیمار سه در هزار کود نانو آهن و یک و نیم در هزار کود نانو منگنز در زمان بدون تنش بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2611 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تعداد دانه در سنبله (52 عدد دانه در هر سنبله) را تولید نمود. تعداد سنبله در هر متر مربع با 322 عدد از تیمار بدون تنش با کاربرد نوع کود سه در هزار برای آهن و منگنز حاصل شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی عملکرد را کاهش می‌دهد و همچنین کابرد کود نانو آهن به همراه منگنز اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را کاهش می‌دهد لذا در صورت بروز تنش خشکی می‌توان با استفاده از نانو کودهای آهن و منگنز از شدت تنش کاست.

Effect of foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield and yield component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic products in the world with 217 million hectares of the world’s highest cultivation area and a total production of 651.4 million tons with an average yield of three tons per hectare (Anonymous, 2015) and more than any other product that supplies calories to the world (Ahmadi Lahijani & Emam, 2013). Drought is one of the most important environmental stressors in crop production around the world (Omidi et al., 2012). One of the most important environmental stresses that most plants face is drought stress (Afzal et al., 2006). Fathi Amirkhiz et al. (2010) also observed that the iron absorption and iron concentration increased significantly with iron nitrous oxide compared with iron oxide in wheat. Pahlavan Rad et al (2007) reported an increase of 21% yield in wheat grain in the study of the effect of iron plowing in wheat. Materials & Methods To study the impact of nano iron and manganese chelates foliar application on mitigating the effects of water deficit and foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield, yield components of wheat an experiment was carried out in 20142015 in the Agricultural Research Farm Station of Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran as split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. Iron and manganese nanosilicate fertilizers with iron and manganese microchelate fertilizers include 11 levels of concentration of 1 in 1,000 nanoclusters of iron (F1), 3 in 1000 nano chelate iron (F2), one and a half per thousand nano chelate of manganese F3), three per thousand nano chelate of manganese (F4), one per thousand nano chelate of iron, one and a half per thousand nano chelate manganese (F5), one per thousand nano chelate of iron and three per thousand nano chelate of manganese (F6), one And half a thousand nanoclat of manganese, and three in a thousand nano chelate iron (F7), three in a thousand nano chelate of iron, three in a thousand nano chelate of manganese (F8), without spraying (F9), purification of pure water (F10), and Recommended microfertilizer complex (F11) as a substrate and drought stress At three levels without irrigation cut (S1), irrigation cut off at vegetative stage until a 70% crop was unloaded (S2) and irrigation was discontinued at the reproductive stage until the 70% crop was unloaded (S3) as factor The main one was examined. Results & Discussion The results showed that factors interaction on Seed yield, Spike number, Grain number in spike, Leaf, Shoot and Spike dry weigh and Leaf area (P≤ 0.01). The results of the comparison showed that the highest Seed yield (2611 Kg/ha) and Grain number in spike (number 52 per m2) was obtained the Three in thousand nanoiron and thousands and a half nano manganese in without stress treatment. According to Movahdi Dehnavi (2001), drought stress at reproductive stage limits the transfer of iron and manganese to grain. The stress in grain filling stage reduces grain yield by reducing the length of the period (Alizadeh et al., 2010). The number of seeds per spike decreases with drought stress and the number of seeds per spike in vegetative stage is more sensitive than the reproductive stage. In fact, drought stress reduces the growth period of vegetative growth. By reducing the length of this period and passing the plant faster than this stage, the number of nodes and the length of the internode decreases in the plant, and subsequently the plant height decreases (Daneshian, 2000). The cause of lower plant height due to water stress can be due to the reduction of thoracic pressure and prolonged cell growth (Upadhyaya and Panda, 2004). Conclusion The results showed that drought stress reduces yield and Application of nano iron fertilizer with magnesium reduces the negative effects of drought stress. Therefore, in case of drought stress by using nano iron and manganese fertilizers to reduce stress.