اثر دور مختلف آبیاری بر توزیع مجدد ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های برنج در شمال خوزستان

به منظور بررسی اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر مقدار، راندمان و سهم توزیج مجدد برگ، ساقه، پانیکول و کل ژنوتیپهای برنج، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال (1393 و 1394) اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل، چهار رژیم آبیاری (1، 3، 5 و 7 روزه) و 12 ژنوتیپ برنج که به ترتیب در کرت‌های اصلی و فرعی قرار گرقتند بودند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد کلیه صفات مزبور در بین رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، ژنوتیپ و برهم‌کنش دوعامل دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح پنج درصد در صفت راندمان توزیع مجدد کل در بین رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و یک درصد برای سایر سطوح و صفات بودند و تنها در برهم‌کنش دوعامل رژیمآبیاری و ژنوتیپ توزیع مجدد کل تفاوت معنی‌داری از لحاظ آماری مشاهده نشد. مقدار توزیع مجدد به غیر از برگ که از رژیم بیاری غرقاب به سمت تناوب سه روزه کاهش داشت سایر اندام‌ها و کل این روند تا افزایشی و سپس با افزایش فواصل آبیاری رو به کاهش، با توجه کاهش ماده خشک اندام‌ها، رفت. در راندمان توزیع مجدد نیز به غیر از برگ که از رژیم آبیاری غرقاب تا رژیم آبیاری با تناوب پنج روز روند کاهشی و سپس در تناوب آبیاری هفت روز افزایشی را طی کرد در راندمان توزیع مجدد ساقه و کل این روند حالت عکس داشت. در سهم توزیع مجدد نیز سهم برگ در رژیم آبیاری با تناوب سه روزه کاهش و پس از آن با افزایش و کاهش آبیاری افزایش یافت.

Evaluation of the effects of different irrigation regimes on remobilization of dry matter and grain yield of rice in northern Khuzestan

Introduction: Rice can be irrigated like wheat and corn as an aerobic plant (1 and 3). Studies show that at certain stages of plant development, materials development, production photosynthetic processes are surplus to requirements. This material is for Ghyrsakhtmany compounds in plant vegetative organs such as stems, pods and leaves are stored and to pursue the establishment of a strong physiological destinations, during remobilization to the grain moves (2). Potential remobilization is a physiologically acceptable index to a variety of factors including genotype and lack of water or too dependent (4). With regard to water crisis, it’s essential to increase knowledge level and awareness about water tension loss. This study aims at realization of this purpose and reducing the negative effects of water tension. Materials and methods: An experiment Was carried out Study of irrigation regimes on rice genotypes remobilization and grain yield of Khuzestan province in a splitplot arrangement using randomized comlete bloks design with three replication in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at Shavoor Agricultural Research Station, Dependent in Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Khuzestan. For exposing rice genotypes to Four different irrigation regimes (1, 3, 5 and 7 days), and 12 genotypes were randomized in subplots. Results and Discussion: The combined analysis results showed that all of these attributes among different irrigation regimes, genotype and interaction of two factors have significant difference, at the level of five percent and in property remobilization efficiency, between the irrigation regimes and this story was true for other levels and the qualities at one percent level. And only in the interaction of two factors of irrigation regime and total genotype distribution, no statistically significant difference was observed. The amount of remobilization, apart from the leave that saw decrease from Flood irrigation regime to 3day period, in the other organs saw increase and then by increasing the number of decreasing irrigation intervals, according to the dry matter of organs. Regarding the efficiency of remobilization, apart from the leave that experienced a decreasing trend from flood irrigation regime to 5day irrigation period, and then in 7day irrigation period it experienced an increasing trend, while stem experienced a totally an inverse trend. The share of Leaves in redistribution share of threeday irrigation frequency decreased and then increased with increasing and decreasing irrigation, in a way that inverse share of stem and total had the largest share under the condition of increased drought around the plant by seven day irrigation period. And the ability and difference of leave source could be the reason for its being different from the other organs. Probably due to low tank volume and reduced ability to produce the active tank, the main factor is reducing the amount of supply, efficiency and contribution of remobilization in irrigation regimes. Correlation coefficients show that grain yield with greatest average of 6555.10 kg per hectare in second irrigation regime with threeday irrigation period in the genotype IR 81025B3273. Biggest significant and positive correlation was with panicle redistribution (0.207**), stem (0.136*) and total (0.129*) but the other attributes had negative correlation with the grain yield. Conclusion: According to the results stem maximum value, efficiency and remobilization of dry matter in the main sink plant, The genotypes with greater resistance and frequency of irrigation regimes with one, three and five days filling an important role in providing seed, and this could be one of the reasons for the superior yield of these genotypes is under irrigation.