genome-wide identification of <i>hvpp2c</i> genes and expression profiling in response to cold and heat stresses in barley (<i>hordeum vulgare l.</i>)

Background: protein phosphatases (pp2cs) are the main classes of protein phosphatases in plants, having pivotal functions in different plant stages and abiotic stresses. the pp2cgenes are suggested to have critical roles in barley by exposure to heat and cold treatments. objectives: we surveyed hvpp2cgenes from the barley genome in the present study. phylogenetic analysis, functional annotation, synteny analysis, chromosomal distribution, prediction of cis-elements, and gene expression of hvpp2csunder abiotic stresses were studied. methods: in this study, hvpp2csof barley were surveyed using bioinformatics tools, and hvpp2cgene expression profiles under cold and heat stresses in 3 tissues (root, leaf, and stem) were analyzed. results: in this study, 61 hvpp2cgenes were detected from barley, and a phylogenetic tree was divided into 13 subfamilies. the results of chromosomal distribution showed that the hvpp2cgenes were located on 7 chromosomes. real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis of hvpp2csshowed that they were largely expressed in different tissues (root, stem, and leaf) in the azaran and jolge barley cultivars.in azaran, the hvpp2cgene expression increased in response to cold stress, whereas, in the jolge cultivar, the hvpp2cgene expression increased in response to heat stress. the analysis of synteny revealed that hvpp2c24b with hvpp2c24a, hvpp2c24 with hvpp2c24a and hvpp2c24b; hvpp2c5 with hvpp2c5a, and hvpp2c41 with hvpp2c41a were paralogous. conclusions: results revealed a broad understanding of the hvpp2cgene family in barley, which can be valuable for the functional description of hvpp2csin plant response to abiotic stresses.