in vitro antileishmanial effect of scrophularia bavanatia extract on leishmania (l) tropica [mhom/nadim3]

Background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a widespread parasitic disease that causes skin lesions and ulcers. although the world health organization recommends glucantime as a treatment for cl, this remedy presents unexpected side effects and high costs. this study investigates the in vitro antileishmanial effect of scrophularia bavanatia hydroalcoholic extract on leishmania tropica promastigotes. objectives: this study aims to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial effects of a local scrophularia bavanatia hydroalcoholic extract on leishmania (l.) tropica [mhom/nadim3] promastigotes. methods: various concentrations (0.2, 1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/ml) of scrophularia bavanatia methanol extract were prepared and added to cultures containing the parasite. the amastigote form of the l. tropica strain [mhom/ir/nadim3] was isolated from mouse spleens and transformed into promastigotes in novy-nicolle-mac neal medium. the antileishmanial activity of scrophularia bavanatia extract was then compared to glucantime using cell proliferation elisa. results: the lc50 values in the stationary stage for both scrophularia bavanatia extract and glucantime (mg/ml) were greater than in the dynamic stage. the extract at concentrations of 0.2, 1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/ml did not show significant differences after 24 and 48 hours (p > 0.05) compared to negative controls but did show a significant effect after 72 hours (p = 0.000). the extract demonstrated increased effectiveness with higher concentrations and longer exposure times. conclusions:scrophularia bavanatia extract inhibits the survival and growth of leishmania promastigotes. future studies should further explore its effects on in vivo survival of the parasite.