بررسی عملکرد، خصوصیات زراعی و تحمل به خشکی لاین‌های گندم نان در شرایط دیم و آبی

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین عملکرد کمی و کیفی و تحمل خشکی لاین‌های گندم نان در شرایط دیم و آبی در طول 3 سال زراعی (98-1395) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله واقع در استان ایلام اجرا شد. بررسی به‌صورت دو آزمایش مستقل هر یک در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در این بررسی 20 لاین گندم در دو مکان آبی و دیم به­صورت جداگانه کاشت شدند. در شرایط آبی، آبیاری بر اساس نیاز گیاه (بدون تنش) به مقدار 4 هزار مترمکعب و به تعداد 6 مرتبه انجام شد و در آزمایش دیگر فقط به‌ نزولات جوی اکتفا گردید. در این بررسی مقاومت به خشکی و صفات موثر بر آن در لاین‌های مختلف گندم نان و عملکرد کمی و کیفی مورداندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در محیط کاشت آبی مربوط به ‌لاین sup152 به مقدار 3245 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که تفاوت آماری معناداری با لاین­ whear که رده دوم قرار گرفت، نداشت. لاین milan/sha7 نیز، در رده سوم قرار داشت. این 3 لاین از نظر اجزای عملکرد نیز مقادیر بالایی داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در محیط کاشت دیم مربوط به ‌لاین ­pbw343 به مقدار 2051 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. کمترین عملکرد دانه در محیط دیم مربوط به ‌لاین pauraq به مقدار 1457 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. لاین pbw343 در محیط کاشت دیم از نظر اجزای عملکرد جزو بهترین لاین‌ها بود. بررسی پراکنش لاین‌ها بر اساس ys، yp و شاخص­های mp و gmp نشان داد که لاین‌های whear، milan، chibia//prlii، pbw343 و sokoll3 در گروه a قرارگرفته و مقاوم به‌ تنش خشکی بوده و عملکرد دانه بالایی در هر دو محیط داشتند و به‌عنوان لاین‌های برتر برای هر دو محیط دیم و آبی انتخاب شدند.

survey of yield, agricultural characteristics and stability analysis of bread wheat lines under dry and irrigated conditions

introductionwheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the main crops of the cereal family, which is widely cultivated in the world and brings energy and protein to human society. drought is the most important non-living stress in crops and due to the decrease in annual rainfall and increase in temperature, production and cultivation of tolerant cultivars with high yield potential will be very important. while available water for agriculture is becoming more limited, the production of drought tolerant cultivars is very important and should be considered. the aim of this study was to analyze the stability of quantitative and qualitative yield and to analyze the stability of bread wheat genotypes in rainfed and irrigated planting conditions in the form of field farms in 3 crop years 2016-2017, 2017-1996 and 2017-17 in sarableh agricultural research station located in the province. ilam was implemented.materials and methodsthis research was conducted as two independent experiments, each in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the first factor includes planting in irrigated and rainfed conditions. the second factor also included 20 wheat genotypes. in irrigated conditions, irrigation was done according to the needs of the plant (normal) and in another experiment, only atmospheric benzoate was sufficient. in this study, yield stability was measured based on drought resistance and its effective traits in different bread wheat genotypes and quantitative and qualitative yield. data were analyzed using sas software version 22 for combined analysis and comparison using the least significant difference test (lsd).results and discussionthe results showed that the highest grain yield in irrigated planting medium was related to sup152 genotype (3245 kg ha-1) which was not statistically significant different from whear genotype which was in the second category. the milan/sha7 genotype was also in the third place. these three genotypes also had high values in terms of yield components. the highest grain protein in irrigated planting medium belonged to reedling # 1 genotype with 11.73% which was not statistically significant difference with frncl and saar genotypes which were in the second and third ranks. the lowest grain protein in aqueous medium belonged to whear genotype. the highest grain protein was obtained in the dryland medium of gaspard genotype (13.73%). nd643 genotype was also in the second category but there was no significant difference with the first category genotype. gonbad genotype was also in the third category and was one of the top genotypes. the highest grain yield was obtained in the dryland planting medium related to pbw343 genotype at the amount of 2051 kg ha-1. the lowest grain yield in dryland environment was related to pauraq genotype at 1457 kg ha-1. pbw343 genotype was one of the best genotypes in terms of yield components in rainfed planting environment. distribution of hybrids based on ys, yp and mp and gmp indices showed that whear, milan, chibia// prlii, pbw343 and sokoll3 genotypes are in group a and are water resistant and have high grain yield in both environments. and were selected as superior genotypes for both rainfed and irrigated environments.