ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف چغندر قند (.beta vulgaris l) از لحاظ خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانت تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش کم‌آبی

با هدف ارزیابی ژنوتیپ های مختلف چغندرقند ازلحاظ خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی، 18 رقم تجاری داخل و خارجی تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش کم آبی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی میاندوآب در دو سال زراعی 97 - 1396 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. طرح آزمایشی مورداستفاده اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی بود که در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این مطالعه دور آبیاری در دو سطح (نرمال برحسب 90 میلی‌متر تبخیر و تنش خشکی بعد از مرحله 10 برگی چغندرقند بر اساس 200 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس a) در کرت‌های اصلی و 18 رقم چغندرقند به کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. در این مطالعه صفات عملکرد ریشه، درصد استحصال قند، گایاکول پراکسیداز، پلی فنل اکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پرولین اندازه‌گیری شدند، نتایج نشان داد تنش کم آبی در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری نرمال عملکرد ریشه را 17.38 درصد کاهش داد، درحالی‌که محتوی گایکول پراکسیداز، پلی فنل اکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پرولین تحت شرایط کم آبی به ترتیب 118.86، 82.1، 103.61 و 113.92 درصد در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری نرمال افزایش نشان داد. میانگین ژنوتیپ ها ازنظر عملکرد ریشه نشان داد ژنوتیپ شماره 10 با متوسط 85.77 تن در هکتار در شرایط آبیاری نرمال و 72.14 تن در هکتار در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بالاترین عملکرد ریشه را به خود اختصاص داد. تحت شرایط آبیاری نرمال بالاترین مقدار فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز، پلی فنل اکسیداز، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و محتوی پرولین به ترتیب به ژنوتیپ های 21، 15، 4 و 13 اختصاص داشت. درحالی‌که تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بالاترین مقدار صفات مذکور به ترتیب در ارقام 10، 20، 19 و 3 ثبت شد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون در شرایط آبیاری نرمال صفات درصد استحصال قند و پرولین با تبین 80 درصد و در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی محتوی پرولین، گایاکول پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز با تبیین 66.3 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد ریشه به‌عنوان موثرترین صفات بر عملکرد ریشه شناسایی شدند.

evaluation of different genotypes of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in terms of biochemical and antioxidant properties under normal conditions and water deficit conditions

introductionsugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) is one of the important commercial crops that supply approximately 35% of the world’s sugar and is widely cultivated in arid and semiarid regions. drought is one of the most important growth restricting environmental factors for crop species in arid and semiarid regions of the world. crop losses resulting from abiotic stresses such as drought or salinity can reduce crop yield by as much as 50%.material and methodsto investigate the evaluation of different genotypes of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in terms of biochemical and antioxidant properties under normal conditions and water deficit conditions excrement was conducted in splitplot design based on complete random blocks with three replications in miandoab agricultural and natural resources research station at 201718 crop seasons. irrigation regimes at two levels, (normal irrigation after 90 mm of evaporation and drought stress after the 10leaf stage of sugar beet based on 200 mm of evaporation from the class a evaporation pan) signed to the main plot, and 18 sugar beet genotypes were assigned to subplots. in this research root yield, coefficient of sugar extraction, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and proline content were measured. after collecting the data, the data were analyzed using sas software version 9.1 and the comparison of the average of the studied characteristics was performed using lsd test at the probability level of five percent.results and discussionin the present study, the effect of the irrigation regime on all studied traits was significant except for the sugar extraction coefficient at the level of probability of 1%. among the genotypes studied significant difference was observed in terms of all the studied traits, at the probability level of 1% interaction of irrigation regime with genotypes on root yield, sugar extraction coefficient, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and proline content at 1% probability level and superoxide dismutase at 5% probability level was significant. the results showed that water deficit stress reduced root yield by 17.38% compared to normal irrigation conditions, while the content of glycol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and proline under water deficit conditions was an increase compared to normal irrigation conditions by 118.86, 82.1, 103.61 and 113.92 percent respectively. genotypes mean comparison in terms of root yield showed that genotype no. 10 with an average of 85.77 t / ha under normal irrigation and 72.14 t / ha under water deficit stress had the highest root yield. under normal irrigation conditions, the highest guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase activity, and proline content were belonged to genotypes 21, 15, 4, and 13, respectively. while underwater stress conditions, the highest values of these traits were recorded in cultivars 10, 20, 19, and 3, respectively. based on the results of regression analysis under normal irrigation conditions, the sugar extraction coefficient and proline content with the explanation of 80 percent of root yield variation were identified as the most important traits. based on the results of path analysis, the two traits, directly and indirectly, showed a positive effect on root yield. underwater deficit stress proline content, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase with 66.3% explanation of changes in root yield were identified as the most effective traits on root yield. besides, the mentioned traits had a positive effect on root yield based on the results of path analysis both directly and indirectly.conclusionamong the studied genotypes, cultivar f20851 had the highest root yield in both irrigation conditions compared to other cultivars, so it can be concluded that the genotype has a high genetic potential for root yield production in different environmental conditions. among iranian cultivars, except for paya cultivar, other cultivars had low ranks of root yield in both environmental conditions. it can be concluded that in addition to root yield, other enzymatic and biochemical properties of iranian cultivars should be worked on to be competitive with foreign cultivars. in this study, proline content had a positive effect on root yield in both environmental conditions, so improving proline content could be a way to increase root yield in different environmental conditions.