گزینش و معرفی لاین‌های برتر برنج از نظر پایداری و واکنش در شرایط تنش کم آبی و غرقاب

برنج یکی از منابع غذایی مهم برای جمعیت جهان به شمار می رود، اما سازگاری کمی به شرایط محدودیت آبی دارد و به‌شدت به کمبود آب حساس است. ازاین‌رو، پایداری و بهبود عملکرد در شرایط تنش آبی از اهداف مهم در کشت برنج محسوب می شود. در این پژوهش، هشت لاین برنج به همراه رقم شاهد منطقه و رقم ir29 در طی سال‌های 1393 و 1394 به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دو منطقه گنبدکاووس و علی آباد کشت شدند. برای اعمال تنش خشکی، آبیاری از 40 روز پس از کشت و هم‌زمان با مرحله حداکثر پنجه-زنی تا برداشت، قطع شد. در این تحقیق، صفات زراعی و تعداد ریشه های کمتر از پنج، 7-6، 20-8، 30-21 و تعداد ریشه های بیشتر از 30 سانتی متر، حجم ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه اندازه گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اختلاف بین مدیریت آبیاری و اثر متقابل مدیریت آبیاری و سال برای عملکرد معنی دار بود. مقایسه میانگین عملکرد دانه نشان داد شرایط غرقاب میزان عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به شرایط تنش دارد. تفکیک اثر متقابل مکان × زمان کاشت × شرایط آبیاری با ارقام مختلف به روش بای پلات نشان داد که لاین 87.5.103 در شهرستان علی‌آباد در شرایط غرقاب و تنش بالاترین عملکرد دارد. در شرایط تنش کم‌آبیاری لاین های ir55411، ir70360، 87.5.21، ir66424 و 87.110 اختلاف عملکرد کمی با هم داشتند، در شرایط غرقاب نیز به ترتیب لاین های ir55411، ir70360، 87.5.21، ir66424 و 87.110 دارای بالاترین عملکرد بودند. نظر به عملکرد بالای لاین 87.110 در شرایط خشکی و لاین 87.5.103 در غرقاب، این لاین‌ها برای کشت در مناطق مشابه توصیه می شوند.

investigation of superior rice lines under water stress and flooding conditions

introductionrice is one of the most important crops in asian countries, which is cultivated in more than half of the continent’s agricultural lands. environmental conditions are different and uncontrollable even in different parts of an area, so the response of rice cultivars to these conditions will be different. therefore, it is necessary to perform performance comparison experiments to achieve high quality, quantity, consistency and stability in different regions. more than 50 percent of human food is supplied from cereals, and rice is a cereal that has a high crop after wheat, but more than wheat and others in terms of energy production per hectare cereals are important. by using the gge biplot method, by using multivariate methods, in addition to proper data analysis, the work facilitates the interpretation of the results. the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the lakes by using gge biplot analysis and selecting and introducing superior lanes for stability and response in underwater stress conditions and flooding.materials and methodsin this experiment, the eight lines with the control cultivar of the region and ir29 cultivar during 2014 and 2015 with the desirable qualitative and qualitative characteristics and suitable growth period in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two regions of gonbad kavous and ali-abad were cultivated. ten plants of 15 cultivated plants were randomly selected and separated from the soil at a depth of 50 cm. after removing the bushes from the soil using the shovelomics method, the plants were first immersed in water for seven days. then the root and part of the air organs were separated. to record the root characteristics, each root of the plant is separated and the number of roots is less than 5 cm, the number of roots is 7-6 cm, the number of roots between 20-8 cm, the number of roots 21-30 cm and the number of roots greater than 30 cm, root volume and root dry weight were measured. using the aerial parts, related traits such as panicle number, plant height, stem weight, straw weight, panicle length, number of filled grains, weight of grains and cluster number were recorded.results and discussionthe results of analysis of variance showed that the difference between locations for days to days of traits, number of roots, total length of roots, root number between 7 to 20 cm, stem weight, panicle weight, root dry weight, straw weight and seed number poke was significant, and the difference between years was significant for number of pancakes, root number was significant. comparison of mean of studied sites and years showed that grain yield per hectare had no significant difference, but the mean comparison of this trait in terms of waterlogging and stress conditions indicated that flooding conditions had a higher yield than tension. separation of the interaction of location × planting time × irrigation conditions with different cultivars by biplot method showed that the cultivar 87.5.103 in all states related to aliabad city had the highest yield. in irrigation stress conditions, ir55411, ir70360, 87.5.21, ir66424 and 87.110 lines had lower yields, but in terms of flooding, ir55411, ir70360, 87.5.21, ir66424 and 87.110 lines had the highest yield, respectively. in both cases, all of the cultivars had a higher yield than ir-29conclusionseparation of the interaction of location × planting time × irrigation conditions with different cultivars by biplot showed that cultivar 87.5.103 in all states related to aliabad city has the highest performance. in general, the cultivar 87.5.103 among all cultivars and the floodplain dome in the first year was the best environment for all the environments in terms of day.