ارزیابی برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط برای عملکرد اسانس ژنوتیپ‌های گشنیز تحت شرایط مختلف آبیاری با استفاده از روش gge بای‌پلات

ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های گشنیز (coriandrum sativum l.) تحت شرایط مختلف آبیاری می‌تواند در شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار و با پتانسیل عملکرد بالا مفید باشد. به‌منظور بررسی برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط برای عملکرد اسانس در گشنیز، 21 ژنوتیپ گشنیز تحت سه شرایط مختلف آبیاری شامل آبیاری نرمال (e1)، تنش ملایم (e2) و تنش شدید (e3) به‌طور جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. از روش آماری gge بای‌پلات با مدل اثر ژنوتیپ + برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط برای ارزیابی پایداری و سازگاری ژنوتیپ‌ها در محیط‌های موردبررسی استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه مرکب عملکرد اسانس نشان داد که اثر محیط، اثر ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط معنی‌دار بود. معنی‌دار بودن اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط، بیانگر واکنش متفاوت ژنوتیپ‌ها در محیط‌های مختلف بود و ازاین‌رو، امکان تجزیه پایداری ژنوتیپ‌ها وجود داشت. نتایج تجزیه پایداری ژنوتیپ‌ها با روش gge بای‌پلات نشان داد که دو مولفه اول و دوم gge بای‌پلات، 4/96 درصد از تغییرات کل عملکرد اسانس را توجیه کردند. بر اساس بای‌پلات ژنوتیپ فرضی ایده‌‌آل، ژنوتیپ g17 ازنظر هر دو عامل پایداری و میانگین عملکرد اسانس، بهتر از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها بود و سازگاری عمومی بالایی در همه محیط‌های موردبررسی داشت. علاوه بر آن، ژنوتیپ g9 در محیط‌ e1 و ژنوتیپ g18 در محیط‌های e2 و e3 ژنوتیپ‌های برتر و با سازگاری خصوصی بالا بودند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که کلیه محیط‌ها دارای قابلیت تمایز بالایی بوده و توانستند تفاوت‌های بین ژنوتیپ‌ها را به‌خوبی آشکار کنند. محیط تنش ملایم نزدیک‌ترین محیط‌ به محیط ایده‌آل بود و بیشترین تمایز و بیانگری را نشان داد.

Evaluation of genotype × environment interaction for essential oil yield of coriander genotypes under different irrigation conditions using GGE biplot method

IntroductionCoriander is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to southwestern of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semiarid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of droughttolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of endemic coriander genotypes. Materials and methodsF2 generations derived from halfdiallel crosses of six endemic coriander genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi and Alborz, together with their parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). Data were collected on fruit yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield. GGE biplot statistical method (genotype effect + genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of genotypes in the studied environments. Results and discussionResults of Combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. Results of stability analysis using GGE biplot method indicated that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 96.4% of the total essential oil yield variation. Based on a hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotype G17 was better than the other genotypes across environments for essential oil yield and stability and had the high general adaptation in all environments. . Furthermore, the genotype G9 at E1 environment and genotype G18 in E2 and E3 environments were superior genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Too, the results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. The moderate stress environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness. ConclusionsGenerally, the results indicated that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. Also, the genotype as stable and drought tolerant genotype can be considered as donor parent which contains drought tolerance genes and could be used to improve coriander high essential oil yield in drought condition.