بررسی و مقایسه عملکرد ژنوتیپ‏های سورگوم علوفه ‏ای تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی در منطقه جنوب کرمان

سورگوم (sorghum bicolor) گیاهی است که در تامین خوراک انسان، دام و طیور اهمیت دارد. این گیاه مناسب کشت در مناطق خشک است. با توجه به کاهش منابع آبی و مصرف بیشتر آب در ذرت ، ضرورت جایگزینی آن با سورگوم در منطقه جنوب استان کرمان وجود دارد. به‏منظور شناسایی مناسب‏ترین رقم سورگوم متحمل به خشکی، آزمایشی دو ساله به‌صورت استریپ‏پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‏های زراعی 1397 و 1398 انجام شد. عامل عمودی شامل رژیم آبیاری بر اساس میزان تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس aدر چهار سطح (90، 130، 180 و220 میلی‏متر) و فاکتور افقی شامل ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم در چهار سطح (ارقام اسپیدفید، پگاه، لاین‏های kfs18 وkfs2 ) بود. نتایج نشان داد که رقم اسپیدفید در تیمار آبیاری پس از 90 میلی‏متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر با عملکرد علوفه‌تر 298.42 تن در هکتار دارای بیشترین عملکرد علوفه‌تر بود. لاین kfs18 در شرایط آبیاری پس از 220 میلی‏متر، کمترین عملکرد علوفه‌تر را تولید نمود (142.49 تن در هکتار). رقم اسپیدفید با میانگین 41.69 تن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک را داشت و لاین kfs18 با میانگین 31.17 تن در هکتار کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک را تولید نمود. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک نیز به ترتیب در شرایط آبیاری پس از 90 و 130 میلی‏متر به‏دست آمد (به‏ترتیب 46.22 و 39.70 تن در هکتار). از نظر کارایی مصرف آب بین سطوح اول (4.76 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) و دوم (4.49 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) آبیاری اختلاف آماری معنی‏ داری نداشت. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش می‏توان رقم اسپیدفید با آبیاری پس از 130 میلی‏متر تبخیر را برای تولید علوفه در منطقه پیشنهاد نمود.

Investigation and comparison of the forage sorghum genotypes yields under water stress conditions in the southern region of Kerman

IntroductionMost of the Produced fodder in Iran is provided by alfalfa and corn. These two forage products have a relatively high water requirement. Among cereal forage plants, sorghum is a great plant due to its high production capacity, adaptation to different climatic conditions and different uses. Iran, with an average rainfall of 240 mm per year, is classified as arid and semiarid regions. One of the most fundamental issues of the country is water and irrigation. Food security concerns are a major threat due to climate change and water scarcity, hence replacing plants with high water use efficiency is essential. this experiment was carried out for 1(investigate the possibility of cultivating sorghum as a substitute for common forage plants in drought stress conditions in the south of Kerman province and 2) also to determine the most suitable sorghum cultivar under the different Irrigation levels in terms of forage characteristics in Jiroft region.Materials and methodsIn order to identify the most suitable cultivar resistant to drought sorghum, an experiment was carried out as strip plot design based on randomized completely block design with three replications in 20192020. Vertical plots were drought stress levels (irrigation after 90, 130, 180 and 220 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Horizontal factors were sorghum genotypes (Speedfeed, Pegah, KFKFS18 and KFKFS2. Each experimental plot consisted of four planting lines. Plant density was 220,000 plants per hectare. The planting date was April 17th. The first irrigation was done after measuring soil moisture and calculating moisture deficiency. Irrigation was done uniformly every 57 days until the 4leaf stage. The time of application of stress was after 4 to 6 leaf stage and ensuring complete establishment of plants. Early cultivars such as Speedfed were harvested based on the beginning of flowering and late cultivars were harvested based on 150 cm plant height by cutting from 10 to 15 cm above the soil surface. In each row, all plants were harvested from two middle lines of each plot and the fresh weight of leaves and stems was immediately measured. Water use efficiency in kilograms per cubic meter was calculated from the ratio of dry forage yield in kilograms per hectare per water consumption in cubic meters per hectare. Finally, combined analysis of variance of data was performed using SAS statistical software version 9. The means were compared using the LSD test at the level of 5% probability.Results and discussionCombined analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation regimes and cultivars was significant on fresh forage yield, leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, plant height and leaf area. Mean comparison of simple effects were studied only for dry forage yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that Speedfeed cultivar had the highest fresh forage yield (298.42 tons.ha1) at the 90 mm level irrigation. Lowest forage yield (142.49 tons.ha1) resulted from the combination of KFS18 and irrigation after 220 mm evaporation. Highest dry forage yield was obtained at 90 mm irrigation level (46.22 tons.ha1). Lowest dry forage yield (39.70 tons.ha1) was related to the irrigation after 220 mm evaporation from the surface of evaporation pan. Speedfeed and KFS18 had the highest and lowest dry forage yield (41.69 and 31.17 tons.ha1), respectively. The highest and lowest water use efficiency were related to Speedfed and KFS18 (4.08 and 3.68 Kg.m3), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between 90 mm (4.76 Kg.m3) and 220 mm (4.49 Kg.m3) levels of irrigation.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the experiment, speedfeed cultivar with irrigation after 130 mm evaporation from the surface of evaporation pan can be suggested for forage production in southern Kerman province.