اثر کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما (trichoderma harzianum) بر خصوصیات رشدی و جذب برخی عناصر غذایی در گیاه ریحان تحت سطوح مختلف رطوبت خاک

به منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات رشدی و جذب برخی عناصر در گیاه ریحان آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 در گلخانه اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل 3 سطح آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) به عنوان فاکتور اول و مایه‌زنی با قارچ تریکودرما (غلظت 108 ) و عدم مایه‌زنی با قارچ تریکودرما به عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد قارچ t. harzianum در سطوح مختلف آبیاری اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات رشدی و جذب عناصر در گیاه ریحان داشت. بیشترین میزان وزن تر (39.27 گرم در بوته) و خشک اندام هوایی (5.916 گرم در بوته) و وزن تر (5.365 گرم در بوته) و خشک ریشه (2.129 گرم در بوته) و سطح برگ (11.828 سانتیمتر مربع) در تیمار سطح آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی همراه با کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان جذب عنصرهای فسفر(0.0038 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک)، پتاسیم (0.0199 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) و نیتروژن (0.01637 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار سطح آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی همراه با کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش به طور کلی می‌توان بیان کرد کاربرد قارچ t. harzianum همراه با گیاه ریحان در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبیاری قابلیت بهبود رشد گیاه را داشته و منجر به افزایش کارایی گیاه و جذب مواد غذایی می‌شود.

Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on growth characteristics and absorption of some elements in basil under drought stress

IntroductionToday, in order to prevent the destruction of water, soil and environment resources, and at the same time to achieve the desired performance in agriculture, in the conditions of environmental tensions such as drought, the use of biofertilizers is a desirable solution. Drought is one of the most important nonliving environmental stresses and a limiting factor in agricultural production, especially in arid and semiarid regions around the world. Trichoderma isolates are stimulated by various mechanisms such as competition for food and the growing environment, stimulation of plant resistance mechanisms, stimulation of plant growth and development, change of environmental conditions, especially rhizosphere and increase the solubility of mineral elements to be absorbed by the plant. Experiments have shown that the use of Trichoderma Harzianum during the basil basil can increase the number of leaves, weight and dryness, nitrogen levels and plant phosphorus relative to the control (Tallapragada 2013). Due to the increasing reduction of water resources and the confrontation of plants with water stress and reduction of quality and quantity of agricultural products in this study, the effect of different concentrations of Trichoderma Harzianum on basil plant in drought stress on morphological, biochemical characteristics and adsorption of elements was investigated. Materials and methodsAn experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2018 in the greenhouse. The treatments included 3 levels of drought stress (50, 75 and 100% field capacity) as the first factor and inoculation with Trichoderma fungus (concentration 108) and noninoculation with Trichoderma fungus as the second factor. Sampling was performed 60 days after drought stress, coinciding with the development of flowering plants. Morphological traits including wet and dry weight of aerial limbs and roots were weighed. The length of the stem and root was measured by a ruler and the leaf surface by a device measuring the surface of the leaf gauge. The total amount of nitrogen was measured by the kjeldahl method device, the amount of phosphorus was measured using a colorimeter by a spectrophotometer, and the amount of potassium was measured by a film photometer. Data analysis was performed using minitab 18 statistical software and comparison of means based on Bonferroni test at 5% probability level (p <0.05). The charts were also drawn using EXCEL software. Results and discussionThe results showed that the use of Trichoderma harzianum in different levels of drought stress had a significant effect on growth traits and adsorption of elements in basil. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoot and root organs, relative leaf water content and leaf area were observed in the treatment of 100% irrigation capacity along with the use of Trichoderma fungus with a concentration of 108 spore. Also, the highest adsorption of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen was observed in the treatment of irrigation level of 100% field capacity with the use of Trichoderma fungus with a concentration of 108. ConclusionThe use of Trichoderma harzianum in stressful conditions in basil has improved the growth properties and increased the absorption of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen in the plant. In general, in this study, the highest increase in the observed trait was observed in the treatment of irrigation level of 100% field capacity with the use of Trichoderma fungus with a concentration of 108.