بررسی صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی عروسک پشت‌پرده (.phyllis alkekengi l) در واکنش به سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود دامی

به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح آبیاری و کود دامی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دارویی عروسک پشت‌پرده (.physalis alkekengi l)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1395 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) و عامل فرعی دربرگیرنده کود دامی (گاوی) در چهار سطح (شاهد، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که سطوح آبیاری بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز وزن خشک تک‌ میوه و تعداد دانه در میوه تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت، از طرف دیگر اثر کود دامی بر تمام صفات بهجز وزن هزاردانه معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل سطوح آبیاری و کود دامی نیز بر وزن خشک میوه در بوته، عملکرد میوه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت. شایان ذکر است در اثر متقابل 100 درصد نیاز آبی با 20 و 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی بیشترین وزن خشک میوه (به‌ترتیب 101 و 102 گرم در بوته) و عملکرد میوه (به‌ترتیب 8 و 8.2 تن در هکتار) مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد آلکالوئید کل نیز در سطح آبیاری 80 درصد (0.4درصد) و تیمار کود دامی 30 تن در هکتار (0.37 درصد) بدست آمد که موجب افزایش 48 درصدی آلکالوئید کل نسبت به شاهد گردید. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق و با در نظر گرفتن مصرف بهینه منابع، می‌توان مناسبترین ترکیب تیمار برای کاشت گیاه دارویی عروسک پشت‌پرده را 80 درصد نیاز آبی با مصرف 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی در نظر گرفت.

Investigation of quality and quantity of Chinese lantern (Phyllis alkekengi L.) in response to different irrigation and animal manure levels

IntroductionPhysalis alkekengi is a wellknown medicinal plant in Europe and Asia and especially in the northeastern of China. It is an economically valuable plant that can tolerate drought, waterlogging, and warm and cold temperatures. All parts of P. alkekengi could be used as medicine. P. alkekengi is a rich source of complex antioxidants, which has been suggested for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammation and rheumatism. The availability of water is the primary constraint on food production in arid and semiarid regions. Trends of water availability indicated that agricultural activities are approaching a “water crisis” in the Middle East and North Africa. In Iran, water is a scarce resource due to the high variability of rainfall. Water stress effects on growth and yield are species is well known. Optimizing irrigation management, together with the appropriate crops, is suitable in these regions. So the aims of this study were to the effect of different irrigation levels and manure amount on yield, yield components, and fruit quality of Physalis alkekengi. Material and methodsIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation and animal manure levels on yield and yield components of Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L.), a splitplot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of the faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran at 2016. The experimental treatments were all combination of irrigation levels (60, 80 and 100 percent of water requirement) and four levels of animal manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 t. ha1). Final seed yield and yield components were measured from 1 m of each plot. Characters consisted of weight of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, number of seed per fruit, 1000 seed weight, plant height, alkaloid, biological yield, and fruit yield.Data from the experiment were analyzed statistically using SAS software (Ver. 9.2). Least significant difference (LSD) test were also performed for the comparison of means. The critical difference at P = 0.05 was used to test the difference between means of individual treatments.Result and discussion Our results indicated that, irrigation levels had a significant effect on all studied traits except fruit number and single fruit weight. Also, the impact of animal manure was significant on all characteristics, except 1000 seed weight. The interactions between irrigation and animal manure were significant on fruit yield, biological yield, harvest index, and fruit weight per plant. The highest fruit weight per plant (101 and 102 gr respectively) and fruit yield (8 and 8.2 t.ha1 respectively) were observed in 100 percent water requirement with use of 20 and 30 t.ha1 animal manure. The highest alkaloid percent was observed in 80 percent water requirement (0.4 percent) and 30 t.ha1 animal manure level (0.37 percent). ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, irrigation levels and manure levels had a significant effect on measured traits. The best of results was observed in irrigation of 80 % and 100 % of water requirement. On the other hand, the application of manure, especially 20 and 30 t.ha1, improved the studied traits compared to 0 and 10 ton. According to the results of this research and considering the optimal use of resources, the most suitable method for the planting of this plant was considered by using 80 percent water requirement and 20 t.ha1 animal manure.