بررسی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه لوبیاچیتی تحت رژیم‌های آبیاری و روش های افزایش تحمل به خشکی

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر رژیم های آبیاری و روش های مقاومت به خشکی روی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه لوبیاچیتی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در حومه شهرستان سلماس اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی قطع آبیاری در 3 سطح (آبیاری نرمال، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله گلدهی، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله نیام بندی) و فاکتور فرعی مقاومت به خشکی در 5 سطح (شاهد، استفاده از سوپرجاذب، استفاده از قارچ مایکوریزا، استفاده از کود نانو پتاسیم و پیش تیمار بذر با پراکسید هیدروژن) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که فاکتورهای قطع آبیاری و مقاومت به خشکی تاثیر معنی داری بر کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، غلظت پرولین، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت لوبیا داشتند. همچنین اثر متقابل فاکتورهای قطع آبیاری و مقاومت به خشکی بر پرولین و عملکرد دانه لوبیا معنی دار گردید. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد که بیشترین کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و شاخص برداشت لوبیا مربوط به تیمار آبیاری نرمال بود. همچنین بیشترین کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و شاخص برداشت لوبیا مربوط به تیمار پلیمر سوپرجاذب بود و باآنکه بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2133.24 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار آزمایشی اثر متقابل آبیاری نرمال همراه با مصرف پلیمر سوپرجاذب بود ولی مشاهده‌شده که عملکرد دانه در تیمار آبیاری نرمال و بدون استفاده از فاکتورهای مقاومت به خشکی به میزان 1627.21 کیلوگرم در هکتار تقریباً با تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپرجاذب به میزان 1564.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفت که این امر نشانگر صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب با استفاده از سوپرجاذب است.

Investigation of physiological characteristics and grain yield of pinto bean under irrigation disruption and methods to increase drought tolerance

IntroductionPulses are rich in protein and are an important source of human food after cereals (Ganjabadi et al., 2014). Beans are one of the most important pulses and about 49% of the pulses consumed in the world are supplied through beans (Broughton et al., 2013). Drought stress is an important factor that reduces yield in plant (Liu et al., 2005). Many parts of the world have water scarcity that is a limiting factor for higher yields (Safavi Ghardini et al., 2017). Plans must be adopted to increase water use efficiency. by using materials such as superabsorbent polymers, it can increase water use efficiency. Superabsorbents can absorb large amounts of water (Alahdadi, 2002). Paula et al. (2007) reported that increasing soil moisture increases the plant height of chickpeas and beans. Elami et al. (2011) stated that superabsorbent increased chlorophyll under stress conditions. adequate amount of potassium sulfate fertilizer in the soil facilitates osmotic modification in the soil, as a result of which the osmotic pressure remains in the leaves and thus increases the plant’s ability to withstand drought stress. Potassium plays an important role in reducing the effects of drought stress in plants (Molodi, 2015). Fanaei et al. (2010) reported an increase in chlorophyll pigment content in rapeseed with the use of potassium during drought stress, and also stated that the amount of chlorophyll increased with the application of potassium. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the strategies for reducing drought stress damage and also saving water consumption by using superabsorbent polymer, mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi, nanopotassium fertilizer and seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide.Materials and methodsIn order to effects of irrigation disruption and drought tolerance methods on physiological characteristics and yield of pinto bean, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Salmas city, northwest of Iran, during spring of 2018. The main plot was irrigation disruption at 3 levels (normal irrigation, irrigation disruption at the end of flowering stage, irrigation disruption at the end of poding stage) and drought resistance as the subfactor in five levels including (control, use of superabsorbent, use of mycorrhizal fungi, use of nanopotassium fertilizer and seed priming with hydrogen peroxide) was considered. ResultsThe highest amount of total chlorophyll was related to normal irrigation treatment and the lowest amount was related to stop irrigation treatment at flowering stage. The highest total chlorophyll was related to superabsorbent polymer treatment and the lowest amount was related to control treatment. the decrease in chlorophyll concentration in plants under drought stress may be due to the decomposition of chlorophyll by increasing the activity of chlorophylase (Goldani, 2012). The highest proline concentration was related to the experimental treatment of stop irrigation in stage of flowering and control and also the lowest amount of proline was observed in normal irrigation treatment along with superabsorbent consumption. The highest grain yield was related to normal irrigation interaction treatment along with superabsorbent polymer and the lowest amount was related to irrigation stop interaction treatment in the flowering stage along with control treatment. Alhiari et al (2013) by examining the effect of superabsorbent application on yield and yield components of chickpea under drought conditions observed that superabsorbent had a significant effect on yield of chickpea plant.Conclusionas respects, the highest grain yield in the normal irrigation experimental treatment was associated with the use of superabsorbent polymer, but according to other experimental treatments, it was observed that the grain yield in the experimental treatment of irrigation cutoff from the end of the poding stage with superabsorbent consumption was almost the same with the experimental treatment of normal irrigation. it should be included in a statistical group, which can play a significant role in saving water consumption, and also by using superabsorbent, drought stress damage can be significantly reduced.