اثر کود گاوی و کم‌آبیاری با آب‌شور بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی سالیکورنیا (Salicornia Persica Akhani)

شوری اراضی کشاورزی و محدودیت منابع آب شیرین از چالش‌های عمده کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد که در سال‌های اخیر نیز بر شدت آن افزوده شده است. کشاورزی مبتنی بر کشت گیاهان شورپسند از جمله سالیکورنیا می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از راهبرد‌های کارآمد برای بقای کشاورزی در مناطق دارای خاک و آب شور مطرح شود. در این راستا، به منظور بررسی تاثیر کم‌آبیاری با آب شور و کاربرد کود دامی بر ویژگی‌های سالیکورنیا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زهک (در استان سیستان و بلوچستان) در سال 1397 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آبیاری مورد بررسی شامل: آبیاری کامل با آب شور (si) به عنوان شاهد، کم آبیاری با آب شور در سطح 75 درصد (dsi75) کاهش 25 درصدی نسبت به شاهد و کم‌آبیاری با آب شور در سطح 55 درصد (dsi55) کاهش 45 درصدی نسبت به شاهد بودند. همچنین، تیمارهای کودی نیز در دو سطح کاربرد کود دامی (گاوی) در سطح 10 درصد و بدون کود دامی بودند. نتایج نشان دهنده اختلاف معنی‌دار اثر کود دامی، تنش خشکی و برهمکنش آنها بر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی بود. بیشترین مقدار وزن تر و خشک ریشه، پروتئین، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کربوهیدرات، پرولین و آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش خشکی بدست آمد، همچنین کاربرد کود دامی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار مقدار وزن تر و خشک ریشه، پروتئین، زیست توده و آنزیم کاتالاز شد. به‌طور کلی، کاهش 25 درصدی در مصرف آب شور علاوه بر صرفه‌جویی، منجر به حصول نتایج قابل قبول به ویژه در رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و تنظیم کننده‌های اسمزی در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل شد. همچنین بهره‌گیری از کود دامی نیز به علت افزایش ماده آلی و مواد مغذی خاک موجب بهبود زیست توده گیاه تحت تاثیر ‌کم‌آبیاری‌ها شد.

Effect of cow manure and deficit irrigation with saline water on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Salicornia persica Akhani

Introduction Nowadays, in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions, are facing with freshwater crisis and increasing the salinity levels of agricultural lands. Estimates show that over 800 million hectares of soil (more than six percent of the world’s land) are affected by different levels of salinity. Therefore, it is important to find and cultivate high beneficial plants as well as highly resistant salinity and drought conditions. One of the salttolerant native species in Iran is salicornia persica. This plant falls into the canopodiaceae family and it can grow in saline and alkalis soils without suitable drainage. These features of salicornia cause not require agricultural land or agricultural water for growth. salicornia oil is used in medicines (Traditional Medicine) to treat diseases such as bronchitis, liver swelling, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, antiinflammation. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that increase oil resistance to environmental conditions. Salt lands, unconventional waters such as drainage, saline or brackish water, and various climate in different parts of Iran have provided favorable conditions for this kind of cultivation. Therefore, the present study tries to discover some unknown points of morphological and biochemical responses of Salicornia persica. Materials and methods To study some morphological and biochemical characteristics of salicornia persica under the application of cow manure and saline water deficit irrigation in a factorial completely randomized design was conducted in 2018 with three replicates under greenhouse conditions at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Zahak (In Sistan and Baluchestan Province). Irrigation treatments included full irrigation with saline water (SI) as control, deficit irrigation with saline water under 75% level [(DSI75) 25% decrease compared to control] and deficit irrigation with saline water under 55% level [(DSI55) There was a 45% decrease compared to control]. A couple of traits such as fresh and dry root weight, dry biomass, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, Ionic leakage, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, protein, and proline were measured. In order to measure the proline content of leaves by the Bates method (Bates, 1973), Carbon hydrate content was determined by Schlegel (1956).To measure Catalase Enzyme Activity (CAT) by method Beers and Sizer (1952) And guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were used by a method (Urbanek et al., 1991). Analysis of variance was performed using SAS statistical software version 9.1. Mean comparisons at the 5% probability level were performed using Duncan’s multiple range test and charting with Excel. Results The results showed a significant difference between the effects of cow manure, drought stress and interaction between them on most of the studied traits. By comparing the means, fresh and dry weights of root and protein respectively with means (1.647, 0.553, 9.47) were the highest The amount in the application of manure. and among the irrigation levels of fresh and dry root weights respectively with means (2.170, 0.595) at medium stress SI (DSI75) and chlorophyll b, carotenoid, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively with mean (0.138, 0.087, 9.07, 11.47) at intensive stress (DSI55) Showed the highest value. also Application of manure increased significantly the amount of biomass and catalase enzyme. Conclusion Compare to full irrigation, although a 25% reduction in saline water consumption leads to enhance of photosynthetic pigments and osmotic regulators, reduction of biomass under severe drought conditions, it seems that salicornia persica can tolerate Somewhat Drought stress, It is not highly tolerated to drought under intensive stress. So that this plant halophyte tolerates high salinity easily. The results also showed that the application of manure almost Most of the studied traits were reduced.