تاثیر نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ذرت دانه ای (.Zea Mays L) تحت تنش خشکی

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کود نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم بر گیاه ذرت در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول آزمایش تنش خشکی شامل سه سطح آبیاری مطلوب (30 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر)، تنش متوسط (60 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر) و شدید خشکی (90 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر) و فاکتور دوم کود نانو سیلیکات پتاسیم در سطوح عدم مصرف (شاهد)، 1 و 2 در هزار بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر بوته، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، تعداد بلال در بوته، طول بلال، قطر بلال، تعداد ردیف در بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن چوب بلال، وزن بلال و وزن هزار دانه کاهش پیدا کرد و بیشترین کاهش در شرایط تنش شدید مشاهده گردید. کاربرد نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم موجب بهبود شاخص های مورفولوژیک ذرت گردید، به طوری که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر بوته، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد بلال در بوته، طول بلال، تعداد ردیف در بلال، وزن چوب بلال و وزن بلال در تیمار 2 در هزار نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی از طریق فراهم کردن عناصر غذایی مورد نظر توانست موجب بهبود ارتفاع (19.8 درصد)، وزن خشک بوته (40 درصد) و و وزن هزار دانه (11 درصد) گردد. کود نانوسیلیکات پتاسیم میتواند اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی را تا حد زیادی کاهش و تحمل گیاه به شرایط تنش خشکی را افزایش داده و در نتیجه بهبود عملکرد را در پی داشته باشد.

Effect of nanosilicil potassium on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress

Introduction Waterdeficit stress is known as drought stress, which reduces agricultural production mainly by disrupting the osmotic equilibrium and membrane structure of the cell. Drought stresses, either flooding or drought, affect multiple aspects of plant physiology and metabolism. Flooding results in reduced oxygen supply to roots, leading to the malfunctioning of critical root functions, including limited nutrient uptake and respiration. Nanotechnology research has opened up a new opportunity in crop improvement. Silica is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust and in the plants’ ash. Although Si is not always considered a necessary element for plants, it is assumed to be necessary for some plants. During the last decade, an array of exploratory experiments has been conducted to gauge the potential impact of nanotechnology on crop improvement. Nanotechnology is one of the most significant techniques in the protection of agricultural products and food, and much research attribute to its utilization a number of environmental benefits. Application of nanotechnology in agriculture and related industries can increase production, improve quality and protect the environment and global resources. Nano fertilizers can increase the efficiency nutrient use by controlling the release of the nutrients from the fertilizer.   Materials and methods In order to study the influence of potassium nanosilica (PNS) on maize under different levels of drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with three replications at the Center of Agricultural Research and Education and the Natural Resources of Qazvin, during the 20172018 growing season. The first factor was drought stress and the second factor nanosilica/potassium fertilizer was included (control) 1 and 2 per thousand. There were 5 rows of 5 m with a row distance of 75 cm. Plant distance within a row was 20 cm. Seeds were disinfected with Vitawax fungicide before they were planted. Seeds were planted in groups of 3 at 35 cm depth to guarantee that a healthy plant was established at each plant site. Superfluous plants were removed when plants had 46 leaves. The solution of PNS was sprayed at 0, 100 and 200 ppm concentrations when plants had 68 leaves. The control group was treated with distilled water. Weeds were removed manually during the experiment. The harvest was performed manually when seeds were physiologically ripe.   Results and discussion The results showed that by increasing drought stress, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf number per plant, number of ear per plant, ear length, ear diameter, row number per ear, number of seeds per ear, ear cob weight, ear weight and seed thousand weight decreased. It was observed that the by using nanosilica/potassium the morphological characteristics of corn and the absorption of nutrients were improved, fresh weight, dry weight, number of ear per plant, ear length, number of rows per ear, ear weight and ear weight, were obtained in 2 in 1000 nanosilica/ potassium. Number of leaves per plant, ear diameter, number of seeds per row and seed thousand weight of levels 1 and 2 in 1000 nanosilica/potassium were in a statistical group.   Conclusions The results of this study indicated that the using of nanosilica/potassium fertilizer under favorable irrigation conditions and drought stress by providing nutrients could improve morphological indices and absorption of nutrients. Nanosilica/potassium fertilizer was decreased the effects of drought stress and was increased plant tolerance to drought stress conditions.   Acknowledgements We are very grateful to the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran in Iran for its collaboration.